Prescripción de fármacos para la deshabituación tabáquica. Análisis retrospectivo del área de salud de Zamora

Objective

To analyze the prescription of drugs to aid smoking cessation and to detect whether there are differences by age or sex.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Site

Zamora Health Area.

Participants

Persons with smoking cessation attempts employing drugs funded in the period from 2020 to 2023.

Interventions

Request of pharmaceutical consumption of varenicline, bupropion and cytisine to the Pharmacy Information System of the Regional Health Management of Castilla y León.

Main measurements

Number of quit attempts per person, treatment drug, number of medication containers per attempt, year, age and sex. Descriptive and statistical analysis using SPSS© v. 20.

Results

2581 people tried to quit smoking with drugs, 2206 made one attempt and 375 made several attempts. Mean age was 50.7 years (95% CI: 50.2-51.1). No significant differences were found for age (P=.71) or sex (P=.74). There was a preference for prescribing varenicline over bupropion and low drug compliance, with only one container of medication being collected in about 50% of cases. A total of 1680 attempts were made to quit using cytisine in 2023, equivalent to 55.4% of the total number of treatment drugs used in the four years. The estimated cumulative incidence rate of drug withdrawal attempts in smokers between 18 and 65 years of age was 11.9%.

Conclusions

The drug intervention had a low reach and poor compliance with the recommended treatment. It is essential to emphasize patient follow-up and drug adherence.