The many faces of brucellosis: diagnostic and management approach.

Purpose of review: This review aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of brucellosis, emphasizing the latest advancements in its diagnosis and management. Given the global prevalence and potential complications of brucellosis, understanding recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies is crucial for clinicians.

Recent findings: Recent literature reveals significant progress in diagnostic methods, including the application of fluorescence polarization immunoassay and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer technologies as well as the invention of artificial Brucella antigens, which offer enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Advances in molecular diagnostics and serological tests have improved early detection rates, however their interpretation remains challenging. Evolving treatment regimens such as the use of hydroxychloroquine as part of triple therapy and the use of nano-delivery systems in therapies have shown promise, in hopes of reducing relapse rates and managing chronic cases.

Summary: The findings underscore the necessity for clinicians to adopt a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing brucellosis. Integrating advanced diagnostic tools with tailored therapeutic strategies can significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing these diagnostic techniques and exploring novel therapeutic agents.