Performance Enhancement Techniques in Humidification–Dehumidification Desalination Systems: A Detailed Review

Desalination has emerged as a vital solution to tackle global water scarcity, and among various desalination methods, the humidification–dehumidification cycle has garnered significant attention. This study provides a detailed review of performance enhancement techniques utilized in the humidification–dehumidification desalination systems. The review highlights previous studies conducted in this area. The humidification–dehumidification cycle, its working principles, and its advantages and drawbacks are then thoroughly discussed, establishing the groundwork for comprehending the significance of performance improvement strategies. The investigated techniques for multiple facets of the humidification–dehumidification cycle are multistage humidification–dehumidification, bubble columns, phase change materials, nanofluid application, variable pressure humidification–dehumidification, ultrasonic, and other techniques such as thermoelectric application, rotating belt, multiple insert, air saturator, fogging, and desiccant wheel. Through an extensive analysis of existing studies, the review summarizes the key findings of each technique, including improvements in system efficiency, freshwater production rates, heat and mass transfer rates, thermal energy storage, and reduced fouling. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, facilitating the selection and implementation of the most suitable techniques to achieve sustainable and efficient water desalination.