Medical and neurologic management of brain tumor patients.

Purpose of review: This article discusses commonly encountered medical and neurological complications in patients with brain tumors and highlights recommendations for their management based on updated evidence.

Recent findings: Use of dexamethasone is correlated with worse prognosis in patients with glioblastoma, and in brain metastases, high doses may lead to increased side effects without additional clinical benefit. There are multiple antiseizure medications (ASM) to choose from and possible interactions and toxicity must be considered when choosing an agent. Additionally, there is growing interest in the use of AMPA receptor blockers as ASM in patients with brain tumors. Nonpharmacological strategies for the management of fatigue remain paramount. Cognitive decline is common after whole brain radiation (WBRT) and hippocampal-sparing WBRT results in superior cognitive outcomes. Venous thromboembolism is a common complication and there is growing evidence on the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this population.

Summary: There is evolving evidence on the management of medical and neurological complications in patients with brain tumors. These complications, require early identification and multidisciplinary collaboration and expertise.