Elis Susilawati, Jutti Levita, Yasmiwar Susilawati, Sri Adi Sumiwi
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Merr. on insulin resistance are still lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To obtain the effects of the ethanol extract of <i>E. subumbrans</i> (Hassk) Merr. leaves (EES) in improving insulin resistance conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The leaves were collected at Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia, and were extracted using ethanol 96%. The effects of EES were studied in fructose-induced adult male Wistar rats by performing the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and assessing blood glucose, TNF-α, adiponectin, and FFA levels. The number of WAT and BAT of the adipose tissues was also studied. The total phenols and flavonoids in EES were determined by the spectrophotometric method and the presence of quercetin in EES was analyzed using the LC-MS method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EES significantly reduced % weight gain, TNF-α levels, and increased adiponectin levels in fructose-induced Wistar rats. EES significantly reduced the FFA levels of fructose-induced Wistar rats and significantly affected the formation of BAT similar to that of metformin. All rats in EES and metformin groups improved insulin resistance as proven by higher ITT values (3.01 ± 0.91 for EES 100 mg/kg BW; 3.01 ± 1.22 for EES 200 mg/kg BW; 5.86 ± 3.13 for EES 400 mg/kg BW; and 6.44 ± 2.58 for metformin) compared with the fructose-induced group without treatment (ITT = 2.62 ± 1.38). EES contains polyphenol compounds (2.7638 ± 0.0430 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (1.9626 ± 0.0152 mg QE/g extract), and quercetin 0.246 µg/mL at m/z 301.4744.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Erythrina subumbrans</i> (Hassk). Merr. extract may have the potential to be further explored for its activity in improving insulin resistance conditions. However, further studies are needed to confirm its role in alleviating metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"3825-3839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365492/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"<i>Erythrina subumbrans</i> (Hassk) Merr. (Fabaceae) Inhibits Insulin Resistance in the Adipose Tissue of High Fructose-Induced Wistar Rats.\",\"authors\":\"Elis Susilawati, Jutti Levita, Yasmiwar Susilawati, Sri Adi Sumiwi\",\"doi\":\"10.2147/DDDT.S472660\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The twigs and roots of <i>Erythrina subumbrans</i> (Hassk). Merr. Was reported to possess antidiabetic activity by reducing the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). It inhibits the action of insulin, causing insulin resistance. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory peptide synthesized in white adipose tissue (WAT) and its high levels are linked with a decreased risk of DM. However, information about the effect of <i>Erythrina subumbrans</i> (Hassk). Merr. on insulin resistance are still lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To obtain the effects of the ethanol extract of <i>E. subumbrans</i> (Hassk) Merr. leaves (EES) in improving insulin resistance conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The leaves were collected at Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia, and were extracted using ethanol 96%. The effects of EES were studied in fructose-induced adult male Wistar rats by performing the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and assessing blood glucose, TNF-α, adiponectin, and FFA levels. The number of WAT and BAT of the adipose tissues was also studied. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk).Merr.据报道，它能降低α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的活性，从而具有抗糖尿病活性。TNF-α 是肥胖症和糖尿病（DM）中的一种促炎细胞因子。它抑制胰岛素的作用，导致胰岛素抵抗。脂联素是一种在白色脂肪组织（WAT）中合成的抗炎肽，其高水平与降低糖尿病风险有关。然而，有关 Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk).目的：了解 E. subumbrans (Hassk) Merr. 叶子的乙醇提取物（EES）对改善胰岛素抵抗状况的影响：方法：在印度尼西亚西爪哇的 Ciamis 采集叶片，用 96% 的乙醇提取。通过对果糖诱导的成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠进行胰岛素耐受试验（ITT）并评估血糖、TNF-α、脂肪连接蛋白和 FFA 水平，研究 EES 的效果。此外，还研究了脂肪组织中 WAT 和 BAT 的数量。采用分光光度法测定了 EES 中的总酚和黄酮类化合物，并采用 LC-MS 方法分析了 EES 中槲皮素的含量：结果：EES能明显降低果糖诱导的Wistar大鼠的体重增加率、TNF-α水平，并增加脂肪连蛋白水平。EES 能明显降低果糖诱导的 Wistar 大鼠体内的 FFA 水平，并能明显影响 BAT 的形成，其效果与二甲双胍相似。与果糖诱导组（ITT = 2.62 ± 1.38）相比，所有 EES 组和二甲双胍组大鼠的 ITT 值均有所提高（EES 100 mg/kg BW 为 3.01 ± 0.91；EES 200 mg/kg BW 为 3.01 ± 1.22；EES 400 mg/kg BW 为 5.86 ± 3.13；二甲双胍为 6.44 ± 2.58），这证明 EES 组和二甲双胍组大鼠的胰岛素抵抗均有所改善。EES 含有多酚化合物（2.7638 ± 0.0430 mg GAE/g提取物）、类黄酮（1.9626 ± 0.0152 mg QE/g提取物）和槲皮素 0.246 µg/mL m/z 301.4744：结论：Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk).结论：Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk)err.然而，还需要进一步的研究来证实其在缓解代谢紊乱方面的作用。
Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk) Merr. (Fabaceae) Inhibits Insulin Resistance in the Adipose Tissue of High Fructose-Induced Wistar Rats.
Background: The twigs and roots of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk). Merr. Was reported to possess antidiabetic activity by reducing the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). It inhibits the action of insulin, causing insulin resistance. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory peptide synthesized in white adipose tissue (WAT) and its high levels are linked with a decreased risk of DM. However, information about the effect of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk). Merr. on insulin resistance are still lacking.
Purpose: To obtain the effects of the ethanol extract of E. subumbrans (Hassk) Merr. leaves (EES) in improving insulin resistance conditions.
Methods: The leaves were collected at Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia, and were extracted using ethanol 96%. The effects of EES were studied in fructose-induced adult male Wistar rats by performing the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and assessing blood glucose, TNF-α, adiponectin, and FFA levels. The number of WAT and BAT of the adipose tissues was also studied. The total phenols and flavonoids in EES were determined by the spectrophotometric method and the presence of quercetin in EES was analyzed using the LC-MS method.
Results: EES significantly reduced % weight gain, TNF-α levels, and increased adiponectin levels in fructose-induced Wistar rats. EES significantly reduced the FFA levels of fructose-induced Wistar rats and significantly affected the formation of BAT similar to that of metformin. All rats in EES and metformin groups improved insulin resistance as proven by higher ITT values (3.01 ± 0.91 for EES 100 mg/kg BW; 3.01 ± 1.22 for EES 200 mg/kg BW; 5.86 ± 3.13 for EES 400 mg/kg BW; and 6.44 ± 2.58 for metformin) compared with the fructose-induced group without treatment (ITT = 2.62 ± 1.38). EES contains polyphenol compounds (2.7638 ± 0.0430 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (1.9626 ± 0.0152 mg QE/g extract), and quercetin 0.246 µg/mL at m/z 301.4744.
Conclusion: Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk). Merr. extract may have the potential to be further explored for its activity in improving insulin resistance conditions. However, further studies are needed to confirm its role in alleviating metabolic disorders.
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