Influence of different pressure regimes on the properties of an engineered small-diameter vascular scaffold tested in a custom-made bioreactor.

Vascular tissue engineering endeavors to design, fabricate, and validate biodegradable and bioabsorbable small-diameter vascular scaffolds engineered with bioactive molecules, capable of meeting the challenges imposed by commercial vascular prostheses. A comprehensive investigation of these engineered scaffolds in bioreactor is deemed essential as a prerequisite before any in vivo experimentation in order to get information regarding their behavior under physiological conditions and predict the biological activities they will possess. This study focuses on an innovative electrospun scaffold made of poly(caprolactone) and poly(glycerol sebacate), integrating quercetin, able to modulate inflammation, and gelatin, necessary to reduce permeability. A custom-made bioreactor was used to assess the performances of the scaffolds maintained under different pressure regimes, covering the human physiological pressure range. As results, the 3D microfibrous architecture was notably influenced by the release of bioactives, maintaining the adequate properties needed for the in vivo regeneration and scaffolds showed mechanical properties similar to human native artery. Release of gelatin was adequate to avoid blood leakage and useful to make the material porous during the testing period, whereas the amount of released quercetin was useful to counteract the post-surgery inflammation. This study showcases the successful validation of an engineered scaffold in a bioreactor, enabling to consider it as a promising candidate for vascular substitutes in in vivo applications. Our approach represents a significant leap forward in the field of vascular tissue engineering, offering a multifaceted solution to the complex challenges associated with small-diameter vascular prostheses. .