大西洋中部和东部的尼诺现象对西非和南美夏季季风的影响

IF 8.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1038/s41612-024-00762-7
Wen Xing, Chunzai Wang, Lei Zhang, Baiyang Chen, Heng Liu
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摘要

西非和南美洲夏季季风的降雨量变化对当地和全球气候系统至关重要,受到热带大西洋海面温度异常的强烈影响。本研究利用观测数据和数值实验研究了最近确定的两种大西洋尼诺现象类型,即大西洋中部和东部尼诺现象(CAN 和 EAN)对这些季风系统的影响。在北半球夏季,EAN 事件与 CAN 事件相比,西非降雨量增加,表明西非夏季季风得到加强。在 EAN 事件期间,大西洋东部变暖带来的水汽通量辐合增强推动了这些湿润条件。相反,CAN 事件对南美洲夏季季风降雨的影响更为明显,在亚马逊和巴西东部之间造成降雨异常偶极,表明南美洲夏季季风降雨带向东移动。这些降雨量变化与大西洋西南部的气旋环流异常有关,而气旋环流异常则归因于 CAN 事件期间大西洋中部的变暖。此外,一个统计模型评估了两个夏季季风区域降雨量变化的后报技能,肯定了将大西洋尼诺现象分为 CAN 和 EAN 事件对改进季节性气候预测的益处。
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Influences of Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on the West African and South American summer monsoons
The rainfall variabilities of the West African and South American summer monsoons, pivotal for local and global climate systems, are strongly influenced by tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies. This study investigates the impacts of two recently identified Atlantic Niño types, central and eastern Atlantic Niño (CAN and EAN), on these monsoon systems using observational data and numerical experiments. During boreal summer, EAN events exhibit increased rainfall over West Africa compared to CAN events, indicating a strengthened West African summer monsoon. Enhanced moisture flux convergence from eastern Atlantic warming drives these wetting conditions during EAN events. Conversely, CAN events have a more pronounced influence on South American monsoon rainfall during austral summer, causing a rainfall anomaly dipole between the Amazon and eastern Brazil, suggesting an eastward shift in the South American summer monsoon rainfall belt. These rainfall changes are linked to cyclonic circulation anomalies over the southwest Atlantic Ocean, attributed to central Atlantic warming during CAN events. Furthermore, a statistical model assesses hindcast skills of rainfall variability in the two summer monsoon regions, affirming the benefits of separating Atlantic Niño into CAN and EAN events for improved seasonal climate predictions.
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来源期刊
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
3.30%
发文量
87
审稿时长
21 weeks
期刊介绍: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols. The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.
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