考官年龄与老年人的记忆表现:利用 18 个欧洲国家的负面年龄刻板印象的变化检验刻板印象威胁理论

IF 2.8 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1002/ejsp.3107
Neele H. Heiser, Olivier Desrichard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究调查了考官年龄效应,即老年人的认知表现与考官年龄之间的正相关关系是否依赖于刻板印象威胁。研究交叉使用了欧洲健康、老龄和退休调查(SHARE)、欧洲社会调查、欧洲统计局(Eurostat)和联合国欧洲经济委员会的数据。来自不同国家的老年人接受了由不同年龄的考官进行的短期和长期口头记忆部分的测试。测试中使用了与刻板印象威胁机制相关的各国负面年龄刻板印象指标。我们预计,在负面年龄成见较多的国家,考官年龄效应会更强。结果证实了考官年龄效应,但与我们的假设相反,这种效应并没有被各国的消极年龄刻板印象指标所调节。各国的消极年龄刻板印象,如老年人遭受的歧视、缺乏积极老龄化指数、失业率和老年人的消极能力等,都会降低记忆力。本文结合刻板印象威胁理论对研究结果进行了讨论。
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Age of the examiner and older people's memory performances: A test of the stereotype threat theory using variations on negative age stereotypes across 18 European countries
This study investigated whether the age of examiner effect, that is, the positive relation between cognitive performance of older people and age of their examiner, relies on stereotype threat. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), European Social Survey, European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe were crossed. Older people from different countries were tested on verbal short‐ and long‐term recall components of memory, by examiners of different ages. Country‐specific indicators of negative age stereotypes, related to the stereotype threat mechanism, were used. We expected that the age of examiner effect would be stronger in countries with more negative age stereotypes. The results replicated the age of examiner effect, but contrary to our hypothesis, this effect was not moderated by countries’ indicators of negative age stereotypes. Negative age stereotypes across countries, such as experienced discrimination among older people, lack of active ageing index, unemployment ratio and perceived negative competence of older people decrease memory. The results are discussed in relation to stereotype threat theory.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.70%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: Topics covered include, among others, intergroup relations, group processes, social cognition, attitudes, social influence and persuasion, self and identity, verbal and nonverbal communication, language and thought, affect and emotion, embodied and situated cognition and individual differences of social-psychological relevance. Together with original research articles, the European Journal of Social Psychology"s innovative and inclusive style is reflected in the variety of articles published: Research Article: Original articles that provide a significant contribution to the understanding of social phenomena, up to a maximum of 12,000 words in length.
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