实验文学中的标点符号统计--詹姆斯-乔伊斯《芬尼根的守灵夜》的非凡案例

Tomasz Stanisz, Stanisław Drożdż, Jarosław Kwapień
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摘要

最近的研究表明,标点符号的存在给书面文本带来的结构模式显示出某些普遍性特征。特别是,在大量经典文学作品的基础上,研究证明,以字数衡量的连续标点符号之间的距离服从离散的威布尔分布--这是生存分析中常用的分布的离散变体。本研究将标点符号使用模式分析扩展到更多的世界文学实验作品中。事实证明,标点符号之间的距离符合离散韦布尔分布的情况在这里也同样适用。然而,詹姆斯-乔伊斯的一些作品在这方面却与众不同--从这个意义上说,相关分布的尾部明显变粗,因此,相应的危险函数是递减函数,这在典型的散文文学文本中是看不到的。"在这种情况下,《芬尼根的守灵夜》--科学界将物质的最基本成分 "夸克 "一词归功于这本书--尤其引人注目。同时,在所有研究文本中,句子长度--代表句末标点符号之间的距离--显示出更大的自由度,不受离散韦布尔分布的限制。在某些情况下,这种自由度转化为长程非线性相关性,表现为多折射性。同样,《芬尼根的守灵夜》也是在多重折射性方面尤为突出的文本。
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Statistics of punctuation in experimental literature -- the remarkable case of "Finnegans Wake" by James Joyce
As the recent studies indicate, the structure imposed onto written texts by the presence of punctuation develops patterns which reveal certain characteristics of universality. In particular, based on a large collection of classic literary works, it has been evidenced that the distances between consecutive punctuation marks, measured in terms of the number of words, obey the discrete Weibull distribution - a discrete variant of a distribution often used in survival analysis. The present work extends the analysis of punctuation usage patterns to more experimental pieces of world literature. It turns out that the compliance of the the distances between punctuation marks with the discrete Weibull distribution typically applies here as well. However, some of the works by James Joyce are distinct in this regard - in the sense that the tails of the relevant distributions are significantly thicker and, consequently, the corresponding hazard functions are decreasing functions not observed in typical literary texts in prose. "Finnegans Wake" - the same one to which science owes the word "quarks" for the most fundamental constituents of matter - is particularly striking in this context. At the same time, in all the studied texts, the sentence lengths - representing the distances between sentence-ending punctuation marks - reveal more freedom and are not constrained by the discrete Weibull distribution. This freedom in some cases translates into long-range nonlinear correlations, which manifest themselves in multifractality. Again, a text particularly spectacular in terms of multifractality is "Finnegans Wake".
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