Structural visualization analysis applied to the preservation of architectural heritage: the case of stilted houses in southwest Hubei, China

Wooden buildings represent a unique aspect of China’s architectural heritage. However, over time, these buildings have suffered varying degrees of structural damage, particularly those located in China’s mountainous regions. Frequent natural disasters and inconvenient transportation further exacerbate the vulnerability of these structures. This study focuses on the typical wooden stilt houses found in the Wuling Mountain area of southwest Hubei. The different forms of columns and beams, as well as the overall structural symmetry of the stilt houses, were classified into five common structural types. Precise digital models were established via real photos and collected dimensional data, and these five models were evaluated for static, buckling, utilization, and ultimate limit states. The results indicate that: (1) overall symmetrical structures perform better than asymmetrical ones; (2) structures where all columns are grounded and act as support columns exhibit the best overall mechanical performance; and (3) transverse-tie beams(chuanfang) primarily serve a connecting role rather than a load-bearing role, thus an excess of transverse-tie beams(chuanfang) can reduce the stability of the building structure. Based on the analysis results, targeted protective measures and recommendations were proposed and verified through structural evaluations. These initiatives provide new methods and insights for the protection of architectural heritage.