High-Performance Terahertz Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Graphene-Perovskite Metasurface for Early Cancer Detection

Cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, where early detection is vital for enhancing patient survival rates. Conventional diagnostic techniques frequently face challenges related to sensitivity and specificity, which can result in delays in obtaining accurate diagnoses. To overcome these obstacles, the creation of highly sensitive and selective biosensors has emerged as a key focus of research. This paper presents the conceptualization and computational simulation of a terahertz surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The proposed sensor integrates graphene and gold metasurfaces with perovskite material, aimed at cancer detection applications. The sensor architecture is optimized to achieve optimal results. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effects of varying graphene chemical potential and resonator dimensions on sensor performance metrics. The optimized configuration demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 1000 GHzRIU⁻¹ and a figure of merit of 17.241 RIU⁻¹. Analysis of electric field distribution patterns depicts the frequency-dependent electromagnetic wave interactions within the sensor structure. The sensor design also exhibits consistent spectral characteristics, with an FWHM being 0.058 THz and quality factors ranging from 3.328 to 3.517. Furthermore, the proposed sensor demonstrates the promise for encoding applications. The proposed sensor shows considerable promise for early cancer detection applications, potentially contributing to improved diagnostic capabilities and patient outcomes in oncology.