洪水引发的黄油桶泄漏揭示了河流大型塑料的迁移动态

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1
Rahel Hauk, Martine van der Ploeg, Adriaan J. Teuling, Winnie de Winter, Tim H. M. van Emmerik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在 2021 年 7 月的欧洲洪水中,大约 800 万个空乳制品包装(黄油桶)从比利时的一家乳制品加工厂冲入维斯德勒河。其中一些被进一步输送到下游的乌尔特河,最终流入默兹河。关于塑料在河流中的迁移,尤其是在洪水中的迁移,还有很多未知数。因此,我们利用这次事件作为一个难得的机会,将这些黄油管作为一种示踪剂,研究特大洪水事件发生时塑料在河流环境中的迁移动态。通常情况下,人们不知道在河岸上发现的单个塑料制品是何时何地进入环境的。但在这种情况下,通过毛茛上的 ID 标记,可以追溯到工厂被洪水淹没的时间。我们研究了洪水过后两年内这些黄油杯在荷兰马斯河的运输和沉积情况。我们还收集了不同时间点的黄油块,以研究它们的破碎和质量损失情况。在洪水过后的 3 周内,黄油桶被运到了距离泄漏地点长达 328 公里的地方。总体而言,我们在最初 3 周内发现的大部分(78%)黄油桶都沉积在距离泄洪点不到 100 公里的地方。在随后的两年中,发现的黄油块的平均迁移距离从 2021 年 7/8 月的 100 千米向下游移动,到 2023 年 7 月达到 153 千米。黄油管的平均迁移速度从最初三周的 11.7 千米/天下降到 2023 年 7 月的 0.2 千米/天。根据我们在这两年中收集和详细分析的 89 个黄油管,我们没有发现明显的质量损失。在所有 89 个发现的黄油管中,有 47 个出现裂缝,只有 12 个似乎有碎片缺失。这项研究表明,即使在特大洪水事件中,大部分溢出的塑料垃圾在排入河流后也会被保留在有限的距离内。这项研究的结果可用于改进塑料迁移模型,并从整体上更好地了解淡水环境中的塑料迁移。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Flood-induced buttertub spill reveals riverine macroplastic transport dynamics

During the July 2021 European floods approximately eight million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttertups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over 2 years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within 3 weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first 3 weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following 2 years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first 3 weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the 2 years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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