Bibliometric insights into palm oil mill effluent treatment by coagulation-flocculation: Research trends and future directions

This analysis explores the research landscape on palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment through coagulation-flocculation (C-F), utilizing 84 documents extracted from the Web of Science database spanning the years 1987–2023. Engineering emerges as the most prominent research area, underscoring the significance of technological solutions in addressing POME treatment challenges. Notably, the Chemical Engineering Journal stands out as the primary publication venue, with the highest number of published papers in this domain. Malaysia emerges as the foremost contributor to this research field, with a substantial share of 78 articles. This dominance reflects Malaysia's pivotal role in the global palm oil industry, showcasing the country's commitment to addressing environmental concerns associated with palm oil production. The identified clusters in the bibliometric analysis reveal thematic focuses, including the utilization of natural coagulants, process and parametric optimization, and advancements in C-F processes. The evolution of C-F treatment technologies is discussed, providing insights into the shifting trends and innovations in POME treatment methodologies. The three identified clusters reflect the multifaceted nature of research, indicating a holistic approach toward addressing the challenges of POME treatment. As the analysis delves into the historical development of the field, it also serves as a guide for future research directions. The study not only emphasizes the current state of knowledge but also lays the foundation for continued advancements in C-F treatment for POME, fostering sustainable practices in the palm oil industry.