Jing Zhong, Hua Zhang, Jie Wu, Bosen Zhang, Liubing Lan
{"title":"妊娠糖尿病相关风险因素分析：一项回顾性病例对照研究","authors":"Jing Zhong, Hua Zhang, Jie Wu, Bosen Zhang, Liubing Lan","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s473972","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objective:</strong> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with incidence is on the rise. There are inconsistent results on the risks of GDM and it has not been reported in our region. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of GDM.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 383 pregnant women were analyzed, including 67 (17.5%) pregnant women with GDM and 316 (82.5%) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The relationship of personal history, family history and reproductive history of pregnant women, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), inflammatory markers in blood cell analysis at the first prenatal examination, and fetal ultrasound indices and the risk of GDM were analyzed.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length were negatively correlated with HCG level, but not inflammatory markers. The proportion of pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years old, body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cesarean section, adverse pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use, and pregnant women who conceived through assisted reproduction in GDM group were higher than those in NGT group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old (≥ 30 vs < 30 years old, odds ratio (OR): 2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.183– 3.878, <em>p</em>=0.012), BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs 18.5– 23.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, OR: 1.887, 95% CI: 1.041– 3.420, <em>p</em>=0.036), history of adverse pregnancy (yes vs no, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.022– 3.794, <em>p</em>=0.043), and history of oral contraceptive use (yes vs no, OR: 2.868, 95% CI: 1.046– 7.863, <em>p</em>=0.041) were associated with GDM.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old, BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, history of adverse pregnancy and oral contraceptive use were independent risk factors for GDM.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> gestational diabetes mellitus, advanced age, overweight, history of adverse pregnancy, history of oral contraceptive use<br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Case-Control Study\",\"authors\":\"Jing Zhong, Hua Zhang, Jie Wu, Bosen Zhang, Liubing Lan\",\"doi\":\"10.2147/ijgm.s473972\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<strong>Objective:</strong> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with incidence is on the rise. There are inconsistent results on the risks of GDM and it has not been reported in our region. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of GDM.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 383 pregnant women were analyzed, including 67 (17.5%) pregnant women with GDM and 316 (82.5%) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The relationship of personal history, family history and reproductive history of pregnant women, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), inflammatory markers in blood cell analysis at the first prenatal examination, and fetal ultrasound indices and the risk of GDM were analyzed.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length were negatively correlated with HCG level, but not inflammatory markers. The proportion of pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years old, body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cesarean section, adverse pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use, and pregnant women who conceived through assisted reproduction in GDM group were higher than those in NGT group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old (≥ 30 vs < 30 years old, odds ratio (OR): 2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.183– 3.878, <em>p</em>=0.012), BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs 18.5– 23.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, OR: 1.887, 95% CI: 1.041– 3.420, <em>p</em>=0.036), history of adverse pregnancy (yes vs no, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.022– 3.794, <em>p</em>=0.043), and history of oral contraceptive use (yes vs no, OR: 2.868, 95% CI: 1.046– 7.863, <em>p</em>=0.041) were associated with GDM.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old, BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, history of adverse pregnancy and oral contraceptive use were independent risk factors for GDM.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> gestational diabetes mellitus, advanced age, overweight, history of adverse pregnancy, history of oral contraceptive use<br/>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14131,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of General Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of General Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s473972\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of General Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s473972","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with incidence is on the rise. There are inconsistent results on the risks of GDM and it has not been reported in our region. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of GDM. Methods: A total of 383 pregnant women were analyzed, including 67 (17.5%) pregnant women with GDM and 316 (82.5%) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The relationship of personal history, family history and reproductive history of pregnant women, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), inflammatory markers in blood cell analysis at the first prenatal examination, and fetal ultrasound indices and the risk of GDM were analyzed. Results: The fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length were negatively correlated with HCG level, but not inflammatory markers. The proportion of pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years old, body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy≥ 24.0 kg/m2, history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cesarean section, adverse pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use, and pregnant women who conceived through assisted reproduction in GDM group were higher than those in NGT group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old (≥ 30 vs < 30 years old, odds ratio (OR): 2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.183– 3.878, p=0.012), BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (≥ 24.0 kg/m2 vs 18.5– 23.9 kg/m2, OR: 1.887, 95% CI: 1.041– 3.420, p=0.036), history of adverse pregnancy (yes vs no, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.022– 3.794, p=0.043), and history of oral contraceptive use (yes vs no, OR: 2.868, 95% CI: 1.046– 7.863, p=0.041) were associated with GDM. Conclusion: Age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old, BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m2, history of adverse pregnancy and oral contraceptive use were independent risk factors for GDM.
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, advanced age, overweight, history of adverse pregnancy, history of oral contraceptive use
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of General Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on general and internal medicine, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment protocols. The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of reviews, original research and clinical studies across all disease areas.
A key focus of the journal is the elucidation of disease processes and management protocols resulting in improved outcomes for the patient. Patient perspectives such as satisfaction, quality of life, health literacy and communication and their role in developing new healthcare programs and optimizing clinical outcomes are major areas of interest for the journal.
As of 1st April 2019, the International Journal of General Medicine will no longer consider meta-analyses for publication.
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