Jie Shen, Xiaomeng Ji, Jiefeng Liang, Xiaoxia Feng, Xiaoyun Liu, Yingjun Wang, Qingzhe Zhang, Qiu Zhang*, Guangbo Qu, Bing Yan and Runzeng Liu*,
{"title":"美甲店员工擦手纸中光引发剂含量的升高与职业风险评估","authors":"Jie Shen, Xiaomeng Ji, Jiefeng Liang, Xiaoxia Feng, Xiaoyun Liu, Yingjun Wang, Qingzhe Zhang, Qiu Zhang*, Guangbo Qu, Bing Yan and Runzeng Liu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0046910.1021/acs.estlett.4c00469","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used as chemical additives in various commercial products, including nail polishes, leading to major concern with regard to occupational exposure. Herein, 27 PIs, including 12 benzophenones, 8 amine co-initiators, 3 thioxanthones, and 4 phosphine oxides, were analyzed in hand wipes from nail salon workers and controls. Twenty-four PIs were identified in hand wipes collected from nail salon workers, with concentrations ranging from 133 to 5.06 × 10<sup>4</sup> ng/wipe (median: 4.26 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe), which were significantly higher than those of control workers (median: 59.4 ng/wipe). Particularly, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone (median: 1.27 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (median: 2.20 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe) were the most abundant congeners in hand wipes of nail salon workers, respectively contributing 42% and 57% to the total PI concentrations. An artificial skin model experiment found that 3–30% of PIs on human skin could be absorbed by human bodies. The estimated daily intakes, based on median concentrations for nail salon workers via dermal and hand-to-mouth contacts, were 5.17 and 0.32 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, significantly higher than those of the general population. This is the first study investigating PIs on human hands, providing solid evidence of dermal exposure to PIs for nail salon workers and the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Elevated Levels of Photoinitiators in Nail Salon Workers’ Hand Wipes and Occupational Risk Estimation\",\"authors\":\"Jie Shen, Xiaomeng Ji, Jiefeng Liang, Xiaoxia Feng, Xiaoyun Liu, Yingjun Wang, Qingzhe Zhang, Qiu Zhang*, Guangbo Qu, Bing Yan and Runzeng Liu*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c0046910.1021/acs.estlett.4c00469\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used as chemical additives in various commercial products, including nail polishes, leading to major concern with regard to occupational exposure. Herein, 27 PIs, including 12 benzophenones, 8 amine co-initiators, 3 thioxanthones, and 4 phosphine oxides, were analyzed in hand wipes from nail salon workers and controls. Twenty-four PIs were identified in hand wipes collected from nail salon workers, with concentrations ranging from 133 to 5.06 × 10<sup>4</sup> ng/wipe (median: 4.26 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe), which were significantly higher than those of control workers (median: 59.4 ng/wipe). Particularly, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone (median: 1.27 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (median: 2.20 × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/wipe) were the most abundant congeners in hand wipes of nail salon workers, respectively contributing 42% and 57% to the total PI concentrations. An artificial skin model experiment found that 3–30% of PIs on human skin could be absorbed by human bodies. The estimated daily intakes, based on median concentrations for nail salon workers via dermal and hand-to-mouth contacts, were 5.17 and 0.32 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, significantly higher than those of the general population. This is the first study investigating PIs on human hands, providing solid evidence of dermal exposure to PIs for nail salon workers and the general population.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00469\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00469","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Elevated Levels of Photoinitiators in Nail Salon Workers’ Hand Wipes and Occupational Risk Estimation
Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used as chemical additives in various commercial products, including nail polishes, leading to major concern with regard to occupational exposure. Herein, 27 PIs, including 12 benzophenones, 8 amine co-initiators, 3 thioxanthones, and 4 phosphine oxides, were analyzed in hand wipes from nail salon workers and controls. Twenty-four PIs were identified in hand wipes collected from nail salon workers, with concentrations ranging from 133 to 5.06 × 104 ng/wipe (median: 4.26 × 103 ng/wipe), which were significantly higher than those of control workers (median: 59.4 ng/wipe). Particularly, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone (median: 1.27 × 103 ng/wipe) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (median: 2.20 × 103 ng/wipe) were the most abundant congeners in hand wipes of nail salon workers, respectively contributing 42% and 57% to the total PI concentrations. An artificial skin model experiment found that 3–30% of PIs on human skin could be absorbed by human bodies. The estimated daily intakes, based on median concentrations for nail salon workers via dermal and hand-to-mouth contacts, were 5.17 and 0.32 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, significantly higher than those of the general population. This is the first study investigating PIs on human hands, providing solid evidence of dermal exposure to PIs for nail salon workers and the general population.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Science & Technology Letters serves as an international forum for brief communications on experimental or theoretical results of exceptional timeliness in all aspects of environmental science, both pure and applied. Published as soon as accepted, these communications are summarized in monthly issues. Additionally, the journal features short reviews on emerging topics in environmental science and technology.