Effect of water and sanitation, PM pollution and climate change of COPD and LRIs under different sociodemographic transitions

Objectives

To estimate the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) stratified by geographic location, and social-demographic status for 21 regions across the world from 1990 to 2019.

Study design

The analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, focusing on mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as measures of COPD and LRI burden. Trend analyses using the Joinpoint model were conducted across five socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles.

Methods

We investigated the burden of COPD and LRIs employing restricted cubic splines to flexibly identify relationships between DALY rates and SDI. This method allowed for detailed examination of trends over time across different regions and socio-demographic contexts.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR of COPD attributed to PM for global and five SDI quintiles decreased 61.80 %, 53.41 %, 63.04 %, 63.00 %, 40.98 %, 12.14 % respectively. In terms of PM Pollution, there was an inverted U-shaped association between the DALY and SDI for COPD, the DALY rate associated with LRIs due to PM pollution exhibited a progressive decline as SDI increased.

Conclusion

Even though the trend in mortality and DALY of COPD and LRIs decreased globally, the COPD and LRI burden attributed to PM pollution remains high, particularly in lower SDI quintiles.