巴西里约热内卢山区全新世山坡在极端降雨诱发的山体滑坡中的演变:地质年代和古环境证据

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1002/esp.5975
Ana Carolina Facadio, Ana Luiza Coelho Netto, Kita Damasio Macario, Karoline Mayume Ishimine, Ortrud Monika Barth, Renata Jou
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综合地貌学、地质年代和古环境数据,研究全新世环境变化如何影响地貌反应,特别是里约热内卢山区陡坡上的经常性滑坡和冲积沉积。这项研究的重点是一个具有凹上地形凹陷和相关浅层平移滑坡的试点山坡(32°),以加深我们对极端气候事件如何在人类造成重大影响之前塑造该地区地貌演变的了解。最近,该山坡因 2011 年 1 月的极端降雨事件引发的浅层滑坡而重新活跃起来,这次降雨事件导致该地区发生了 3600 多处滑坡。随后的深层沟壑暴露出一个沉积物(>3 米),其中含有被掩埋的富含有机物的冲积层。对该沉积物的沉积学、地质年代学(AMS 14C)、古植物学、岩石学和碳同位素(δ13C)数据进行了综合分析。地质年代学结果表明,山坡的演变涉及整个全新世的反复浅层平移滑坡,有机冲积层的年代从底部的公元前 10 148 年到顶部的公元前 663 年不等。不同大小的木炭碎片表明全新世期间古火灾频繁。古植物学和岩石学分析显示,火灾后出现了草本灌木植被和蕨类植物(菊科、禾本科、蕨类、桦木、盾叶蕨和多孔蕨),主要的花粉粒和孢子出现了机械损伤,表明了高运输能量和物理应力条件。在沉积物中发现的稀有火后植被和先锋林属与水文和机械动力有关,这种动力很可能导致斜坡系统的稳定性降低,从而在整个全新世促进了浅层滑坡的发生。
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Holocene hillslope evolution through extreme rainfall induced landslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Geochronology and paleoenvironmental evidence

Geomorphological, geochronological and paleoenvironmental data were integrated to examine how Holocene environmental changes have influenced geomorphic responses, particularly recurrent landslides and colluvial deposition on the steep slopes of the Rio de Janeiro mountains. This study focuses on a pilot hillslope (32°) with a concave-up topographic hollow and associated shallow translational landslides, enhancing our understanding of how extreme climatic events shaped landscape evolution in the region prior to significant human impact. Recently, the hillslope was reactivated by a shallow landslide triggered by the extreme rainfall event of January 2011, which resulted in over 3600 landslides in the region. Subsequent deep gullying exposed a deposit (>3 m) containing buried, organic-rich colluvial layers. Comprehensive analysis was conducted on sedimentological, geochronological (AMS 14C), palynological, taphonomic and carbon isotope (δ13C) data from this deposit. The geochronological results indicate that the hillslope's evolution involves recurrent shallow translational landslides throughout the Holocene, with organic colluvial layers dating from 10 148 cal years BP at the base to 663 cal years BP at the top. Charcoal fragments of various sizes suggest frequent paleofires during the Holocene. Palynological and taphonomic analyses reveal post-fire herbaceous-shrubby vegetation and ferns (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Alchornea, Baccharis, Celtis and Polypodium), with predominant pollen grains and spores showing mechanical damage indicative of high transport energy and physical stress conditions. The rarefied post-fire vegetation and pioneer forest genera identified in the deposit are associated with a hydrological and mechanical dynamics that likely created less stable conditions on the slope system, promoting the occurrence of shallow landslides throughout the Holocene.

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来源期刊
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
12.10%
发文量
215
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is an interdisciplinary international journal concerned with: the interactions between surface processes and landforms and landscapes; that lead to physical, chemical and biological changes; and which in turn create; current landscapes and the geological record of past landscapes. Its focus is core to both physical geographical and geological communities, and also the wider geosciences
期刊最新文献
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