Development of hazard prediction test and interventions for two-wheeled electric vehicle riders in China.

Objective: This paper aimed to develop a hazard prediction test and enhance two-wheeled electric vehicle (TWEV) riders' hazard perception and prediction capabilities via interventions by executing two distinct studies. Study 1 aimed to develop and validate a hazard prediction test. Study 2 evaluated the efficacy of two interventions, self-commentary and what happens next (WHN), integrating expert commentary.

Method: For Study 1, a video-based hazard prediction test was developed through video recording and clipping, with participants categorized into high and low prediction ability groups for experimentation. Data analysis employed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Study 2 categorized participants into four groups: self-commentary with licenses (SCL), self-commentary without licenses (SCNL), WHN with licenses (WHNL), and WHN without licenses (WHNNL), for conducting a one-week intervention experiment. Data collected from participants' pre-intervention, post-intervention, and aftereffect tests were subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: Analysis of the ROC curve indicated the test can distinguish the riders with different hazard prediction levels. ANOVA results demonstrated that the measurement time had a significant positive effect on scores (p < 0.001). Both interventions significantly improved hazard prediction ability (p < 0.05), and the effect persisted one week after administration. The effect of the WHN intervention was significantly greater than the self-commentary method across all time points.

Conclusion: The hazard prediction test developed in this study could assess riders' hazard prediction ability, with the identified interventions demonstrating effectiveness in enhancing this ability. These findings suggested potential application in future qualification tests for TWEV riders, contributing to enhanced traffic safety awareness among TWEV riders in China, thus advancing overall traffic safety.