Evaluation of prognostic nutritional status and lipid profile in gestational diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between controlling nutritional status index (CONUT) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) scores that are used to evaluate nutritional status and GDM. Also, lipid abnormalities and albumin levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and GDM were researched.

Material and methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study at Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Turkey. The study included 67 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (32 pregnant diagnosed with GDM and 35 pregnant known to be normoglycemic).

Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of maternal age, gravidity, parity, history of miscarriage and weight gain during pregnancy. Body mass index (BMI) was higher in the GDM group (p = 0.001). There was no difference in the CONUT score between the groups (p = 0.254). The PNI score was lower in the GDM group (p = 0.003). Of the laboratory data, only fasting blood glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were statistically significantly higher, and albumin was lower in the GDM group (p = 0.026, p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions: PNI has the potential to be a useful predictor of GDM, whereas CONUT does not. Low albumin levels and increased TG, and TC in the first trimester seem to be significant in the development of GDM.