Intervention of roasted cashew nut supplement against endothelial renal vasoconstriction disease in hypertensive rats exposed to mixed-fractionated petroleum products

There have been increasing concerns about the great risks posed by petroleum products which contribute to the progression endothelial renal vasoconstriction and hypertension. This study aims to investigate the modulatory effects of Roasted cashew nut on rats induced with endothelial renal vasoconstriction syndrome upon exposure to mixed fractionated petroleum products (MFPP). Seventy male albino rats were randomized into seven (n=10) groups. Group I (normal control) was given distilled water. Group II was administered with MFPP (20 %/day). Group III was administered with MFPP (20 %/day) + atenolol (50 mg/kg). Group IV was administered with MFPP (20 %/day) + 10 % roasted cashew nut (10 %RCN). Group V was administered with MFPP (20 %/day) + (20 %RCN). Group VI was treated with 10 %RCN while Group VII was treated with 20 %RCN. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with P<0.05 considered significant. Oral RCN intervention prohibited endothelial renal vasoconstriction syndrome and hypertension by down-regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, TNF-α, HIF-1, MCP-1 and p53 with a concomitant inhibition of the activities of arginase, phosphodiesterase-5¹ (PDE-5¹) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Furthermore, endothelial renal vasoconstriction syndrome was pointedly abrogated by treatment with RCN as depicted by the reduced activities of the enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase, AMPase and ADA), AChE and MAO-A with a subsequent upsurge in the level of NO while the histological derangements caused by MFPP were completely abated. This study thus authenticates the proposition that RCN may be a valuable therapy in ameliorating apoptosis, renal pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis in endothelial renal vasoconstriction syndrome and hypertensive rat model on exposure to MFPP.