Magdalena Kal, Michał Brzdęk, Elżbieta Cieśla, Piotr Rzymski, Izabella Karska-Basta, Antonio Pinna, Jerzy Mackiewicz, Mateusz Winiarczyk, Dominik Odrobina, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk
{"title":"饱和度降低、D-二聚体和白细胞介素 6 水平升高对 COVID-19 双侧肺炎患者血管密度和眼窝无血管区的影响。","authors":"Magdalena Kal, Michał Brzdęk, Elżbieta Cieśla, Piotr Rzymski, Izabella Karska-Basta, Antonio Pinna, Jerzy Mackiewicz, Mateusz Winiarczyk, Dominik Odrobina, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk","doi":"10.17219/acem/191774","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can affect multiple organs, including the eyes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify associations between vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and baseline levels of D-dimers and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, depending on oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized between March and May 2021. Ophthalmological examination was performed 2 months after hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used for the automatic assessment of the central retinal VD and the manual assessment of FAZ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant monotonic negative relationship was observed between SpO2 . 90% and VD in some areas of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) (p = 0.048) and choriocapillaris (p = 0.021), and the mean VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) (p = 0.048). No significant monotonic negative relationship was noted between SpO2 . 90% and the FAZ in the SCP (p = 0.075). However, there was a significant monotonic positive relationship between VD in the nasal choriocapillaris and D-dimer levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.003, respectively). Finally, a monotonic negative relationship was identified between foveal VD in the DCP and IL-6 levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An OCTA study conducted 2 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia showed reduced VD in those with SpO2 . 90% and elevated levels of D-dimers and IL-6 during hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography testing can provide monitoring of ocular status in patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those who report visual disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of reduced saturation and elevated D-dimer and interleukin 6 levels on vessel density and foveal avascular zone in patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia.\",\"authors\":\"Magdalena Kal, Michał Brzdęk, Elżbieta Cieśla, Piotr Rzymski, Izabella Karska-Basta, Antonio Pinna, Jerzy Mackiewicz, Mateusz Winiarczyk, Dominik Odrobina, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk\",\"doi\":\"10.17219/acem/191774\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can affect multiple organs, including the eyes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify associations between vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and baseline levels of D-dimers and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, depending on oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized between March and May 2021. Ophthalmological examination was performed 2 months after hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used for the automatic assessment of the central retinal VD and the manual assessment of FAZ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant monotonic negative relationship was observed between SpO2 . 90% and VD in some areas of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) (p = 0.048) and choriocapillaris (p = 0.021), and the mean VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) (p = 0.048). No significant monotonic negative relationship was noted between SpO2 . 90% and the FAZ in the SCP (p = 0.075). However, there was a significant monotonic positive relationship between VD in the nasal choriocapillaris and D-dimer levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.003, respectively). Finally, a monotonic negative relationship was identified between foveal VD in the DCP and IL-6 levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An OCTA study conducted 2 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia showed reduced VD in those with SpO2 . 90% and elevated levels of D-dimers and IL-6 during hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography testing can provide monitoring of ocular status in patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those who report visual disturbances.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7306,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/191774\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/191774","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of reduced saturation and elevated D-dimer and interleukin 6 levels on vessel density and foveal avascular zone in patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia.
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can affect multiple organs, including the eyes.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify associations between vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and baseline levels of D-dimers and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, depending on oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission.
Material and methods: The study included patients with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized between March and May 2021. Ophthalmological examination was performed 2 months after hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used for the automatic assessment of the central retinal VD and the manual assessment of FAZ.
Results: A significant monotonic negative relationship was observed between SpO2 . 90% and VD in some areas of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) (p = 0.048) and choriocapillaris (p = 0.021), and the mean VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) (p = 0.048). No significant monotonic negative relationship was noted between SpO2 . 90% and the FAZ in the SCP (p = 0.075). However, there was a significant monotonic positive relationship between VD in the nasal choriocapillaris and D-dimer levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.003, respectively). Finally, a monotonic negative relationship was identified between foveal VD in the DCP and IL-6 levels in patients with SpO2 . 90% (p = 0.027).
Conclusions: An OCTA study conducted 2 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia showed reduced VD in those with SpO2 . 90% and elevated levels of D-dimers and IL-6 during hospitalization. Optical coherence tomography angiography testing can provide monitoring of ocular status in patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially those who report visual disturbances.
期刊介绍：
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine has been published by the Wroclaw Medical University since 1992. Establishing the medical journal was the idea of Prof. Bogumił Halawa, Chair of the Department of Cardiology, and was fully supported by the Rector of Wroclaw Medical University, Prof. Zbigniew Knapik. Prof. Halawa was also the first editor-in-chief, between 1992-1997. The journal, then entitled "Postępy Medycyny Klinicznej i Doświadczalnej", appeared quarterly.
Prof. Leszek Paradowski was editor-in-chief from 1997-1999. In 1998 he initiated alterations in the profile and cover design of the journal which were accepted by the Editorial Board. The title was changed to Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Articles in English were welcomed. A number of outstanding representatives of medical science from Poland and abroad were invited to participate in the newly established International Editorial Staff.
Prof. Antonina Harłozińska-Szmyrka was editor-in-chief in years 2000-2005, in years 2006-2007 once again prof. Leszek Paradowski and prof. Maria Podolak-Dawidziak was editor-in-chief in years 2008-2016. Since 2017 the editor-in chief is prof. Maciej Bagłaj.
Since July 2005, original papers have been published only in English. Case reports are no longer accepted. The manuscripts are reviewed by two independent reviewers and a statistical reviewer, and English texts are proofread by a native speaker.
The journal has been indexed in several databases: Scopus, Ulrich’sTM International Periodicals Directory, Index Copernicus and since 2007 in Thomson Reuters databases: Science Citation Index Expanded i Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition.
In 2010 the journal obtained Impact Factor which is now 1.179 pts. Articles published in the journal are worth 15 points among Polish journals according to the Polish Committee for Scientific Research and 169.43 points according to the Index Copernicus.
Since November 7, 2012, Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine has been indexed and included in National Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE database. English abstracts printed in the journal are included and searchable using PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
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