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{"title":"从雷达垂直风观测数据看热带UTLS的高频重力波和开尔文-赫姆霍兹气流","authors":"Ajil Kottayil, Aurélien Podglajen, Bernard Legras, Rachel Atlas, Prajwal K, K. Satheesan, Abhilash S","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110366","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The present study analyzes novel observations of vertical wind <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/ec0f0aac-6aef-4bda-b449-1830e2b8af62/grl68183-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"117\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"1\" data-semantic-content=\"0,2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis w right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"1\" data-semantic-content=\"0,2\" data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis w right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" stretchy=\"false\">)</mo></mrow>$(w)$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> in the tropical upper troposphere-lower stratosphere obtained from a radar wind profiler in Cochin, India. Between December 2022 and April 2023, 63 consecutive 4 hr curtains of <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/f217579c-03bd-4bf7-bb33-e02a90bbc5b4/grl68183-math-0002.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"118\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0002.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0002.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> were measured with a vertical spacing of 180 m and a sampling time step of 44 s, thus resolving almost the whole spectrum of vertical motions. Spectra of <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/1ae21b09-dab4-428b-8832-30001ab884cd/grl68183-math-0003.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"119\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0003.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0003\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0003.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> strongly vary with altitude. They are generally flat up to the local Brunt-Väisälä frequency (BVF), but sometimes exhibit a peak of <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/ce56552a-e571-469f-a42d-331dee916214/grl68183-math-0004.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"120\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0004.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0004\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0004.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance closer to BVF, a feature which may be attributed to trapped gravity waves. At other times and locations, the <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/6146c645-584a-4ada-8d7e-d4e2b3964a8c/grl68183-math-0005.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"121\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0005.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0005\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0005.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> profiles reveal Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. Finally, the variability of <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/9fd763f7-a075-4d5d-a78e-d6fa325f54b2/grl68183-math-0006.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"122\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0006.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0006\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0006.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance over the 4 month campaign period is investigated. Using brightness temperature from geostationary satellites as a convective proxy, it is found that <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/99fd5bd7-6332-4c3a-aee3-0d0bf3a48328/grl68183-math-0007.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"123\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0007.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0007\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68183-math-0007.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"w\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance is highly correlated with fluctuations in convective activity.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High-Frequency Gravity Waves and Kelvin-Helmholtz Billows in the Tropical UTLS, as Seen From Radar Observations of Vertical Wind\",\"authors\":\"Ajil Kottayil, Aurélien Podglajen, Bernard Legras, Rachel Atlas, Prajwal K, K. Satheesan, Abhilash S\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2024gl110366\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The present study analyzes novel observations of vertical wind <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/ec0f0aac-6aef-4bda-b449-1830e2b8af62/grl68183-math-0001.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"117\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0001.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\\\"1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"0,2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"left parenthesis w right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0001\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0001.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"0,2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"left parenthesis w right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</mo></mrow>$(w)$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> in the tropical upper troposphere-lower stratosphere obtained from a radar wind profiler in Cochin, India. Between December 2022 and April 2023, 63 consecutive 4 hr curtains of <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/f217579c-03bd-4bf7-bb33-e02a90bbc5b4/grl68183-math-0002.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"118\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0002.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0002\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0002.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> were measured with a vertical spacing of 180 m and a sampling time step of 44 s, thus resolving almost the whole spectrum of vertical motions. Spectra of <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/1ae21b09-dab4-428b-8832-30001ab884cd/grl68183-math-0003.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"119\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0003.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0003\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0003.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> strongly vary with altitude. They are generally flat up to the local Brunt-Väisälä frequency (BVF), but sometimes exhibit a peak of <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/ce56552a-e571-469f-a42d-331dee916214/grl68183-math-0004.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"120\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0004.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0004\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0004.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance closer to BVF, a feature which may be attributed to trapped gravity waves. At other times and locations, the <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/6146c645-584a-4ada-8d7e-d4e2b3964a8c/grl68183-math-0005.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"121\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0005.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0005\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0005.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> profiles reveal Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. Finally, the variability of <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/9fd763f7-a075-4d5d-a78e-d6fa325f54b2/grl68183-math-0006.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"122\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0006.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0006\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0006.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance over the 4 month campaign period is investigated. Using brightness temperature from geostationary satellites as a convective proxy, it is found that <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/99fd5bd7-6332-4c3a-aee3-0d0bf3a48328/grl68183-math-0007.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"123\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0007.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68183:grl68183-math-0007\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/grl68183-math-0007.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"w\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">w</mi></mrow>$w$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> variance is highly correlated with fluctuations in convective activity.\",\"PeriodicalId\":12523,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Geophysical Research Letters\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Geophysical Research Letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110366\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110366","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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