Noureen Khan;Hamza Ahmed Qureshi;Luiggi Cantos;Mubasher Ahmed Khan;Muhammad Rehman;Jinho Choi;Yun Hee Kim
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Design of STAR-RIS Assisted Uplink NOMA for Maximum Fairness
To support massive connectivity with full service coverage, this paper integrates a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) into uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In particular, the energy splitting (ES) protocol of STAR-RIS is considered, leading to two types of NOMA: ES/NOMA, which simultaneously supports all users in the transmitting and reflecting spaces of the STAR-RIS and ES/hybrid NOMA (H-NOMA), which supports multiple ES/NOMA pairs in time division multiple access (TDMA). To maximize rate fairness, we develop STAR-RIS beamforming and resource allocation algorithms for ES/NOMA and ES/H-NOMA, along with a globally optimal solution and a closed-form solution for two-user ES/NOMA. The proposed ES/NOMA algorithm achieves faster computation than conventional alternating optimization. The proposed ES/H-NOMA algorithm significantly reduces the complexity of ES/NOMA by using a closed-form solution for two-user ES/NOMA and designing a faster user assignment algorithm with optimal time allocation. The simulation results validate the algorithms and analysis for ES/NOMA and ES/H-NOMA and demonstrate their superiority over the time-switching NOMA and TDMA protocols.
期刊介绍：
The scope of the Transactions is threefold (which was approved by the IEEE Periodicals Committee in 1967) and is published on the journal website as follows: Communications: The use of mobile radio on land, sea, and air, including cellular radio, two-way radio, and one-way radio, with applications to dispatch and control vehicles, mobile radiotelephone, radio paging, and status monitoring and reporting. Related areas include spectrum usage, component radio equipment such as cavities and antennas, compute control for radio systems, digital modulation and transmission techniques, mobile radio circuit design, radio propagation for vehicular communications, effects of ignition noise and radio frequency interference, and consideration of the vehicle as part of the radio operating environment. Transportation Systems: The use of electronic technology for the control of ground transportation systems including, but not limited to, traffic aid systems; traffic control systems; automatic vehicle identification, location, and monitoring systems; automated transport systems, with single and multiple vehicle control; and moving walkways or people-movers. Vehicular Electronics: The use of electronic or electrical components and systems for control, propulsion, or auxiliary functions, including but not limited to, electronic controls for engineer, drive train, convenience, safety, and other vehicle systems; sensors, actuators, and microprocessors for onboard use; electronic fuel control systems; vehicle electrical components and systems collision avoidance systems; electromagnetic compatibility in the vehicle environment; and electric vehicles and controls.
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