Precision management of Fusarium fujikuroi in rice through seed coating with an enhanced nanopesticide using a tannic acid-ZnII formulation.

Seed coating with fungicides is a common practice in controlling seed-borne diseases, but conventional methods often result in high toxicity to plants and soil. In this study, a nanoparticle formulation was successfully developed using the metal-organic framework UiO-66 as a carrier of the fungicide ipconazole (IPC), with a tannic acid (TA)-Zn^II coating serving as a protective layer. The IPC@UiO-66-TA-Zn^II nanoparticles provided a controlled release, triggered and regulated by environmental factors such as pH and temperature. This formulation efficiently controlled the proliferation of Fusarium fujikuroi spores, with high penetration into both rice roots and fungal mycelia. The product exhibited high antifungal activity, achieving control efficacy rates of 84.09% to 93.10%, low biotoxicity, and promoted rice growth. Compared to the IPC flowable suspension formula, IPC@UiO-66-TA-Zn^II improved the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities in soil. Importantly, it showed potential for mitigating damage to beneficial soil bacteria. This study provides a promising approach for managing plant diseases using nanoscale fungicides in seed treatment.