{"title":"低强度经颅磁刺激对注意力缺陷/多动障碍成人反应抑制的影响","authors":"Firouzeh Mahjoubnavaz, Elahe Khosrowabadi, Fatemeh Latifi, Yasaman Daroughe Kazem, Jalil Gholizadeh Soltani, Hamideh Khalilpour, Farhad Soleymani","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4707.1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Response inhibition is an impaired cognitive function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) individuals. This primary deficit during the cancelation of an intended movement is observed even in the minimal demanding cognitive tasks. Studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), especially on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), can improve response inhibition. Nevertheless, TMS has a low spatial resolution, and its effect may not be observed in a single-session intervention. Studies show that low-intensity TMS has higher spatial resolution. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for intervention of response inhibition in ADHD individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><b>I</b>n a double-blind paradigm, the performance of the adults with ADHD while executing a Stroop color and word test (SCWT) was measured during a sham or a real stimulation of the DLPFC. Subsequently, the response inhibitions of the participants were measured before and after the stimulation. The number of correct, wrong, and missed answers to 96 computerized trials and the response times of the answers were measured. In addition, changes in electro-cortical activities during the rest phase before and after the stimulation were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After checking for data normality, the paired t-test between behavioral data showed that low-intensity magnetic stimulation of the DLPFC can improve response inhibition (reduce errors) even in a single-session intervention of ADHD individuals. The answering times did not change significantly. The behavioral changes were associated with significant changes in the power of EEG in delta and beta frequency bands at the frontal areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed stimulation protocol with low-intensity TMS had a fair effect on the response inhibition in adults with ADHD. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
简介反应抑制是注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）患者认知功能受损的一种表现。即使在要求最低的认知任务中，也能观察到这种取消预期动作时的主要缺陷。研究表明，经颅磁刺激（TMS），尤其是对背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的刺激，可以改善反应抑制。然而，TMS 的空间分辨率较低，在单次干预中可能无法观察到其效果。研究表明，低强度的 TMS 具有更高的空间分辨率。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在评估这种方法对多动症患者反应抑制的干预效果：方法：在双盲范式中，我们测量了患有多动症的成人在进行Stroop颜色和文字测试（SCWT）时对DLPFC进行假刺激或真实刺激的表现。随后，在刺激前后测量了参与者的反应抑制。此外，还测量了 96 个计算机化试验的正确、错误和遗漏答案的数量以及答案的反应时间。此外，还评估了刺激前后休息阶段皮层电活动的变化：结果：在检查数据的正态性后，行为数据之间的配对 t 检验表明，即使对多动症患者进行单次干预，低强度磁刺激 DLPFC 也能改善反应抑制（减少错误）。回答时间没有明显变化。行为变化与额叶区德尔塔和贝塔频段脑电图功率的显著变化有关：结论：建议的低强度经颅磁刺激方案对成人多动症患者的反应抑制有一定效果。结论：建议的低强度经颅磁刺激方案对成人多动症患者的反应抑制有很好的效果，因此可以作为治疗多动症患者反应抑制的方案。
Effect of Low-intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Response Inhibition of Adults With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Introduction: Response inhibition is an impaired cognitive function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) individuals. This primary deficit during the cancelation of an intended movement is observed even in the minimal demanding cognitive tasks. Studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), especially on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), can improve response inhibition. Nevertheless, TMS has a low spatial resolution, and its effect may not be observed in a single-session intervention. Studies show that low-intensity TMS has higher spatial resolution. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for intervention of response inhibition in ADHD individuals.
Methods: In a double-blind paradigm, the performance of the adults with ADHD while executing a Stroop color and word test (SCWT) was measured during a sham or a real stimulation of the DLPFC. Subsequently, the response inhibitions of the participants were measured before and after the stimulation. The number of correct, wrong, and missed answers to 96 computerized trials and the response times of the answers were measured. In addition, changes in electro-cortical activities during the rest phase before and after the stimulation were also evaluated.
Results: After checking for data normality, the paired t-test between behavioral data showed that low-intensity magnetic stimulation of the DLPFC can improve response inhibition (reduce errors) even in a single-session intervention of ADHD individuals. The answering times did not change significantly. The behavioral changes were associated with significant changes in the power of EEG in delta and beta frequency bands at the frontal areas.
Conclusion: The proposed stimulation protocol with low-intensity TMS had a fair effect on the response inhibition in adults with ADHD. Therefore, it could be suggested as a treatment protocol for response inhibition in ADHD individuals.
期刊介绍：
BCN is an international multidisciplinary journal that publishes editorials, original full-length research articles, short communications, reviews, methodological papers, commentaries, perspectives and “news and reports” in the broad fields of developmental, molecular, cellular, system, computational, behavioral, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience. No area in the neural related sciences is excluded from consideration, although priority is given to studies that provide applied insights into the functioning of the nervous system. BCN aims to advance our understanding of organization and function of the nervous system in health and disease, thereby improving the diagnosis and treatment of neural-related disorders. Manuscripts submitted to BCN should describe novel results generated by experiments that were guided by clearly defined aims or hypotheses. BCN aims to provide serious ties in interdisciplinary communication, accessibility to a broad readership inside Iran and the region and also in all other international academic sites, effective peer review process, and independence from all possible non-scientific interests. BCN also tries to empower national, regional and international collaborative networks in the field of neuroscience in Iran, Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa and to be the voice of the Iranian and regional neuroscience community in the world of neuroscientists. In this way, the journal encourages submission of editorials, review papers, commentaries, methodological notes and perspectives that address this scope.
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