Role of PRMT5 mediated HOXA10 arginine 337 methylation in endometrial epithelial cell receptivity

A successful embryo implantation relies heavily on the receptivity of the endometrial epithelium, a process regulated by various molecular mechanisms. Evaluating endometrial receptivity in infertility patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment, particularly those with adenomyosis related infertility, poses significant challenges due to limitations associated with conventional assessment methods. In this study, we collected residual endometrial epithelial cells from the tips of embryo transfer catheters in patients with adenomyosis related infertility. High throughput sequencing revealed a marked downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in these cells. Functional assays demonstrated that PRMT5 interacts with and methylates homeobox A10 (HOXA10), a crucial transcription factor for endometrial receptivity and implantation. The methylation of HOXA10 at arginine 337 by PRMT5 enhances its stability and promotes the transcriptional activation of genes essential for endometrial differentiation and adhesion. The downregulation of PRMT5 led to decreased HOXA10 activity, resulting in impaired endometrial receptivity and subsequent implantation failure. These findings elucidate a critical pathway where PRMT5 downregulation negatively impacts HOXA10 function, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying implantation failure in adenomyosis related infertility. This study not only advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing endometrial receptivity but also identifies potential therapeutic targets for enhancing endometrial function in affected patients.