Metal-organic-framework-derived dual-atom catalysts: from synthesis to electrocatalytic applications

The pursuit of high metal utilization in multiphase catalysis has given rise to a growing interest in atomically dispersed catalysts. Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) possess distinctive advantages, including super electrocatalytic performance, maximum atomic utilization, and synergistic effect between the dual central atoms. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a category of crystalline porous substances known for their abundant porosity, excellent designability, and tunable functionality, have been recognized as templates for the construction of DACs for advanced electrocatalysis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in MOF-derived DACs, encompassing their synthesis, structural modulation, and applications in electrocatalysis. The discussion begins by elucidating the synthesis methodologies of MOF-derived DACs and discussing the influence of different DAC architectures on electrocatalytic performance. Additionally, the review highlights the advancements in the synthesis of DACs from various MOF derivatives and their applications in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR), oxygen evolution reduction (OER), carbon dioxide reduction (CO₂RR), hydrogen evolution reduction (HER), and nitrate reduction reactions (NO₃RR). It would undoubtedly be prudent to anticipate further intriguing advancements in the domain of MOF-derived DACs, which offer tunable reactivity.