Nature-inspired materials as sustainable electrodes for energy storage devices: Recent trends and future aspects

In response to escalating energy demands, renewable energy integration, and sustainability imperatives, the need for advanced energy storage technologies intensifies. Supercapacitors, positioned between traditional capacitors and batteries, offer a compelling solution with rapid charge-discharge capabilities and extended cycle life. This review uniquely focuses on the pivotal role of electrode materials in shaping supercapacitor performance, with particular emphasis on the novel utilization of nature-inspired materials as promising candidates. Biomass-derived carbons and natural polymers, recognized for their eco-friendly properties, align with sustainability objectives. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive comparison of electrochemical performance, fabrication methods, and scalability of these materials, which has not been extensively covered in previous literature. Comparative studies evaluating the electrochemical performance and sustainability aspects of these materials underscore their potential in supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, the review highlights the emerging trends and breakthroughs in processing techniques that enhance the performance of bio-based electrodes. The integration of nature-inspired materials holds promise in addressing energy storage challenges sustainably and efficiently. By addressing both electrochemical efficiency and sustainability aspects, this review provides critical insights into the potential of nature-inspired materials for next-generation supercapacitors. Ongoing research aims to optimize their performance, enhance scalability, and broaden their applications. This review provides a significant advancement in exploring nature-inspired materials as electrodes for supercapacitors, marking a paradigm shift towards versatile, sustainable, and eco-friendly energy storage solutions.