The primiparous IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factor: corroborate the inflammation pathways to IgA colostrum synthesis

Background

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the maturation the neonatal mucosal barrier. The accumulation of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the lactating mammary gland facilitates the secretion of IgA antibodies into milk, which are then passively to the suckling newborn, providing transient immune protection against gastrointestinal pathogens. Physiologically, full-term infants are unable to produce IgA, required for mucosal barrier maturation for at least 10 days after birth. Prior studies declare that interleukin 5 (IL-5) responsible to encourage of IgA-producing B cells maturation during lactating periods.

Objective

This purpose of this study was determine IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factors.

Study design

Ninety primiparous with full-term pregnancy and vaginal delivery were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Colostrum samples were collected on the first day after delivery, followed by the measurement of IgA and IL-5 concentrations using ELISA. Sociodemographic and maternal factors were recorded based on participants’ self-reports using a questionnaire.

Result

The results showed that mean of colostrum IgA concentration in primiparous 24.9 ± 0.3 years old (95%CI: 24.3–25.6) was 1.51 ± 0.15µg/mL, while colostrum IL-5 concentration was 82.37 ± 20.2pg/mL. The results showed that IgA levels were not significantly correlated with age, education, occupation, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fish consumption, or smoking habits but were significantly related to baby sex disappointment and weight gain during pregnancy (P<.05). Meanwhile, the IL-5 concentration was significantly correlated with smoking habits, baby's birth weight, and maternal age.

Conclusion

The composition of IgA and IL-5 in breast milk is strongly associated with several maternal factors including baby sex disappointment, weight gain during pregnancy, smoking habits, baby's birth weight, and maternal age. This maternal factor corroborate the recently evidence refer to inflammatory pathways involvement in colostrum IgA synthesis.