Cost-benefit analysis of a municipal waste management project: Using a survey of professional forecasters to provide reliable projections until 2035

The widespread adoption of selective kitchen and garden waste processing in closed biogas plants is often hindered by financial feasibility and social acceptance. This study presents a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of waste processing through wet and dry fermentation, evaluating energy recovery options from combined heat and power and compressed natural gas installations. Drawing on data from a Polish investment project and a novel concept in waste management research – a survey of professional energy forecasters, we provide financial projections until 2035 to guide sustainable decision-making. Our results emphasize the economic viability of bio-based energy recovery technologies, while also highlighting the potential social and environmental benefits. By diverting waste from landfills and recovering energy, biogas plants contribute to both energy transition goals and the broader objectives of sustainable waste management, including improved resource efficiency and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. This study offers practical insights for municipalities and businesses, promoting policies that support public-private partnerships and the long-term viability of renewable energy projects within the circular economy framework.