Comparative efficacy of LLLT and LED therapy on osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast suppression: An in vitro co-culture study

Background

Dental implants are a reliable solution for tooth loss, but challenges remain regarding osseointegration and complications. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), including Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) therapy, has shown potential in enhancing bone healing. However, comparative studies on their effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts are limited.

Aim

To compare the effects of LLLT and LED therapy on osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast suppression in an in vitro co-culture model.

Materials and methods

MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and RAW 264.7 osteoclasts were co-cultured on titanium discs. Discs were treated with LLLT (940 nm, 50 mW) or LED (660 nm, 89 mW) for different durations. Osteoblast proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and osteoclast activity was evaluated using TRAP staining and resorption pit analysis.

Results

LED therapy significantly enhanced osteoblast proliferation and suppressed osteoclast activity more effectively than LLLT. Optimal results were observed with a 6-min LED exposure.

Conclusion

LED therapy shows greater potential than LLLT for promoting osteoblast proliferation and suppressing osteoclast activity, indicating its clinical value for improving bone regeneration and implant integration.