MOF-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Expanding Horizons in Catalysis

The integration of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as an effective approach to enhance catalytic performance and broaden the applications of FLP chemistry. MOFs, with their tunable porosity, high surface area, and modular design, offer an ideal platform for the precise construction of FLPs. This review highlights recent progress in the design and synthesis of FLP-based MOFs, categorizing the strategies into four key approaches: linker modification, node functionalization, node as Lewis acid, and intrinsic FLPs within node. The catalytic potential of these systems is explored, focusing on their ability to activate small molecules and facilitate reactions such as hydrogenation and CO₂ reduction. Emerging trends are also discussed, including the expansion of the heterogeneous FLP concept, advancements in in situ characterization techniques, and the development of MOF-based FLPs for sustainable and green catalytic processes. By consolidating recent advancements, this review aims to inspire innovative strategies in materials design and catalysis.