Enhanced sensing via multipolarization reconfigurable Fano resonant graphene-dielectric metasurfaces at a fixed frequency

We introduce a hybrid graphene-dielectric metasurface that significantly advances biosensing through reconfigurable multipolarization enabled by Fano resonances. The metasurface, consisting of asymmetric silicon rods embedded in CaF₂ with a graphene layer, achieves two kinds of orthogonally polarized Fano resonances under linearly polarized electromagnetic wave interactions, generating four distinct polarized modes within a narrow bandwidth. The incorporation of graphene enables precise tuning of Fano resonant frequencies and facilitates switching between linear and circular polarization at a fixed frequency. This dual capability enhances the detection range and sensitivity of polarization sensing by enabling fixed-frequency multipolarization detection, thus allowing ultra-sensitive monitoring of polarization changes. Our approach contrasts with existing methods that utilize different frequencies for multipolarization, marking a significant advancement in the versatility and sensitivity of sensing technologies.