Pleuroscopy: therapeutic applications.

Pleuroscopy is mostly regarded as a diagnostic procedure. Although therapeutic uses of pleuroscopy were popular when pulmonary tuberculosis was common, they are less well known today. This review of modern therapeutic pleuroscopy is based on both personal experience and previous reports. We have grouped the purposes of therapeutic pleuroscopy as 1) to provoke formation of pleural adhesions in the management of pleural effusion, recurrent pneumothorax, chylothorax or (in selected cases) empyema, 2) to divide adhesions in persistent pneumothorax, 3) to perform pleural toilet in the fibrinopurulent stage of empyema, 4) to retrieve foreign bodies, and 5) to achieve haemostasis and removal of clotted blood following operation or trauma. These applications of pleuroscopy should be studied and popularized so that the method can attain recognition as a revived therapeutic procedure.