[Parenteral and enteral nutrition in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal system].

A literature review is given on effectivity and safety of total parenteral and enteral nutrition in gastroenterological diseases and associated disorders. There is a well-known close association between malnutrition and morbidity. Administration of total parenteral and/or enteral nutrition is often life-saving regimen and omission of this therapy could be considered as a seviour vitium artis in such a condition. However, there are some diseases with a lack of proved effectiveness of nutritional support. It is necessary for patients' safety to be stressed that it is necessary to give parenteral and enteral nutrition only in indicated cases (being aware of risk, cost and possible benefit). This regimen can be administrated only by well-trained skilled staff (nutrition teams if possible) with regular controls and patient monitoring.