Decreased mitochondrial RNA levels without accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in aging Drosophila melanogaster

Declines in electron transport system (ETS) activity have been reported to occur with advancing age in Drosophila melanogaster and many other animals. It has been proposed that these changes are importantly involved in the aging process. ETS decline has been attributed to mitochondrial nucleic acid damage. We analyzed various ages of D. melanogaster (embryos to 60-day-old adults) for the presence of mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes. Although mtDNA genomes with large DNA deletions (up to 5 kb) were identified, abundance was low and remained constant throughout adult life. Therefore, these mtDNA deletions do not appear to be sufficiently abundant to cause large declines in ETS activity. Next, we analyzed various ages of D. melanogaster for the abundance of four mitochondrial-encoded and two nuclear-encoded ETS transcripts. The abundance of the mitochondrial transcripts declined 5–10-fold, while the nuclear-encoded transcripts declined 2–5-fold with advancing age. Separation of flies on the basis of flight loss was used to distinguish physiologic age from chronological age. Insects capable of flight at 30 days of age were found to have a 4-fold higher abundance of cox I mitochondrial-encoded RNA compared to flightless insects. No difference, however, was apparent in the nuclear-encoded β-ATPase RNA level, suggesting only mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) declines are associated with life expectancy.