设计防火室内。

D W Belles
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引用次数: 0

摘要

任何引起火灾的产品都是缺乏防火安全性能的。任何建筑物的大火都代表着严重的危险。多人死亡的火灾几乎总是与迅速扩大规模的火灾有关。室内饰面有大而连续的表面,火可以在上面蔓延。它们被规定为减缓最初的火灾增长,并且必须在火灾测试的基础上合格使用。为了获得有意义的结果,试样必须代表实际安装。各种变量——如基材、粘合剂、产品厚度和密度——都会影响产品性能。隧道试验可能不能充分评价某些产品,如泡沫塑料或纺织墙面覆盖物、热塑性材料或最小质量材料。如果存在问题,应该对产品进行全面评估。窗帘和窗帘是很容易点燃和蔓延火焰的产品的例子。目前用于测试窗帘和窗帘的方法一次评估一种织物。虽然单独测试的织物可能表现良好,但单独满足测试标准的织物在组合测试时有时表现不佳。物品和家具是许多火灾的主要燃料。内容物可能涉及纸制品和其他轻质材料,这些材料容易点燃并能够快速燃烧。同样,一个小火源可能会点燃许多能够持续燃烧的家具。软垫家具可以在不到5分钟的时间内达到燃烧速度的峰值。家具与许多多人死亡的火灾有关。(摘要删节250字)
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Designing fire safe interiors.

Any product that causes a fire to grow large is deficient in fire safety performance. A large fire in any building represents a serious hazard. Multiple-death fires almost always are linked to fires that grow quickly to a large size. Interior finishes have large, continuous surfaces over which fire can spread. They are regulated to slow initial fire growth, and must be qualified for use on the basis of fire tests. To obtain meaningful results, specimens must be representative of actual installation. Variables--such as the substrate, the adhesive, and product thickness and density--can affect product performance. The tunnel test may not adequately evaluate some products, such as foam plastics or textile wall coverings, thermoplastic materials, or materials of minimal mass. Where questions exist, products should be evaluated on a full-scale basis. Curtains and draperies are examples of products that ignite easily and spread flames readily. The present method for testing curtains and draperies evaluates one fabric at a time. Although a fabric tested alone may perform well, fabrics that meet test standards individually sometimes perform poorly when tested in combination. Contents and furnishings constitute the major fuels in many fires. Contents may involve paper products and other lightweight materials that are easily ignited and capable of fast fire growth. Similarly, a small source may ignite many items of furniture that are capable of sustained fire growth. Upholstered furniture can reach peak burning rates in less than 5 minutes. Furnishings have been associated with many multiple-death fires.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The lowdown on high-rise fires. Taking safety to a new level. Getting out. An NFPA fire investigation re-ignites Life Safety Code discussions about protecting people in board-and-care homes in the United States and Canada. 1996 U.S. fire loss. Health plan. NFPA's investigation of a hospital fire on October 16, 1996, demonstrated that fire emergency plans work.
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