[Estimates of natural fertility in rural Tokugawa Japan].

"This paper estimates the value of [natural fertility] and [the degree of parity-specific fertility control] in rural Tokugawa Japan mainly using [the Coale-Trussell model]. What we gained through this analysis is 1) the level of natural fertility in rural Tokugawa Japan was very low compared to the pre-transition level of England, [and] 2) in spite of this low level fertility, parity-specific fertility control was not practiced.... We can say that rural Tokugawa Japan since the second half of [the] seventeenth-century was in a 'natural fertility regime'...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)