[Buruli ulcer re-emergent infection].

Nowadays, Buruli ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans remains a highly stigmatizing emerging disease in tropical countries, currently being the third mycobacterian infection in immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of this paper is to gather a number of information (epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and related to current treatment) in order to make the "aura of mysterious disease" fade away. Our work insists on the fact that prevention of Buruli ulcer and its complications is based on a better awareness of the dynamics and evolution of ecosystems as well as on socio-economic factors in tropical countries. Besides prophylactic measures, efficient methods for diagnosis and treatment are emphasized.