“或者我们应该被治愈,然后……”经常面对我们必须永远呆在这里的事实……?”精神病患者对疾病、正常化和正常的看法[1921-1937]。

Christof Beyer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在20世纪20年代,德国精神病学在治疗类型方面发生了明显的变化。通过引入工作治疗、提前释放和在精神病院外提供精神支助,将减少住院病人的人数。因此,社会方法开始主导精神病学的论述。这些办法的目的是使收容机构的日常生活正常化,并实施治疗,使病人能够重新融入社会。这篇文章基于一名病人在20世纪20年代和30年代初在精神病院度过的大量文件,为精神病学家的观点增加了一名病人的观点,迄今为止,精神病学家的观点主导了魏玛共和国的精神病学历史。这些文件允许对当时流行的精神病学改革方法的潜力和局限性进行深入调查。它们从微观的角度说明了精神病诊断、精神病院生活和融入社会之间的紧张关系,在这个病人的情况下,随着病人在第三帝国绝育法颁布时获释,这种紧张关系变得尤为尖锐。
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["Or should we be cured just to [..] be constantly confronted with the fact that we have to stay here forever [..]?" The view of psychiatric patients between illness, normalization and normality (1921-1937)].

In German psychiatry, a distinct change occurred in the 1920s with regard to types of treatment. By introducing work therapy, early releases and psychiatric support outside the asylums the number of in-patients was to be reduced. As a consequence social approaches began to dominate psychiatric discourse. These approaches aimed at normalizing everyday life in the institutions and at implementing treatments that would allow patients to be reintegrated into society. Based on numerous documents on a patient who had spent the 1920s and early 1930s in a mental institution, the article adds a patient's view to the psychiatrists' perspective that has so far dominated the history of psychiatry of the Weimar Republic. The documents allow for an in-depth investigation of both the potential and the limitations of the approaches to psychiatric reform prevalent at the time. They illustrate, from a micro-perspective, the field of tension between psychiatric diagnosis, life in the asylum and integration into society that, in the case of this patient, became especially poignant with the patient's release at the time of the Third Reich sterilization laws.

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