Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz, Irene Pedrosa-Corral, Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez, María Navarro-Marí
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引用次数: 0
摘要
临床病毒学在检测呼吸道病毒方面的进展主要集中在核酸扩增技术上,该技术已成为诊断急性呼吸道病毒感染的参考方法。目前商业分子检测方法的改进主要依靠两种策略来减少操作时间:逐步自动化(半自动化)和整个过程完全自动化。自动核酸提取器、多重 PCR、实时 PCR 和/或用于检测扩增子的 DNA 阵列为前一种策略做出了贡献。目前已有用于检测呼吸道病毒的商用全自动分子系统。其中一些系统可转化为护理点方法,取代抗原检测法,用于检测呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型和乙型流感病毒。本文介绍了实验室检测呼吸道病毒的方法。考虑到现有检测方法的技术方面、各实验室基础设施的可能性以及感染的临床流行病学因素,提出了一种具有成本效益的合理诊断算法。
Laboratory detection of respiratory viruses by automated techniques.
Advances in clinical virology for detecting respiratory viruses have been focused on nucleic acids amplification techniques, which have converted in the reference method for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections of viral aetiology. Improvements of current commercial molecular assays to reduce hands-on-time rely on two strategies, a stepwise automation (semi-automation) and the complete automation of the whole procedure. Contributions to the former strategy have been the use of automated nucleic acids extractors, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR and/or DNA arrays for detection of amplicons. Commercial fully-automated molecular systems are now available for the detection of respiratory viruses. Some of them could convert in point-of-care methods substituting antigen tests for detection of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A and B viruses. This article describes laboratory methods for detection of respiratory viruses. A cost-effective and rational diagnostic algorithm is proposed, considering technical aspects of the available assays, infrastructure possibilities of each laboratory and clinic-epidemiologic factors of the infection.