对高危动物和人畜共患病原体进行消毒。

Hendrik Frentzel, Andrea Menrath, Katharina Tomuzia, Juliane Braeunig, Bernd Appel
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引用次数: 13

摘要

对受影响的环境、场所、设施和产品进行去污准备是对动物疾病暴发立即作出反应的先决条件之一。各种信息来源提供了在疫情情况下如何采取行动消除生物污染物和阻止疾病传播的建议。为了促进正确的去污策略的确定,我们提出了相关的参考文献的概述,为收集病原体。病原体的选择是基于对高致病性制剂和/或生物制剂清单的调查,这些制剂被认为是故意污染食品、饲料或农场动物的潜在媒介。对欧洲立法和国家和国际机构的指导方针进行了筛选,以找到针对每种物质的去污方案。确定的建议根据其应用领域进行评估,这些领域可以是设施和设备、废物、食品和其他动物产品。收集了大型事件对消毒剂的要求,总结了主要推荐消毒剂的重要特征(如失活谱、温度范围、对环境的毒性),以帮助在特定高风险动物或人畜共患病原体引起的危机情况下选择合适和有效的方法。文献检索显示了许多相关建议,但也有针对某些疾病的法律空白,如Q热或布鲁氏菌病,以及使用推荐消毒剂的法律困难。发现一些药剂缺乏有效消毒剂的信息。
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Decontamination of high-risk animal and zoonotic pathogens.

Preparedness for the decontamination of affected environments, premises, facilities, and products is one prerequisite for an immediate response to an animal disease outbreak. Various information sources provide recommendations on how to proceed in an outbreak situation to eliminate biological contaminants and to stop the spread of the disease. In order to facilitate the identification of the right decontamination strategy, we present an overview of relevant references for a collection of pathogenic agents. The choice of pathogens is based on a survey of lists containing highly pathogenic agents and/or biological agents considered to be potential vehicles for deliberate contamination of food, feed, or farm animals. European legislation and guidelines from national and international institutions were screened to find decontamination protocols for each of the agents. Identified recommendations were evaluated with regard to their area of application, which could be facilities and equipment, wastes, food, and other animal products. The requirements of a disinfectant for large-scale incidents were gathered, and important characteristics (eg, inactivating spectrum, temperature range, toxicity to environment) of the main recommended disinfectants were summarized to assist in the choice of a suitable and efficient approach in a crisis situation induced by a specific high-risk animal or zoonotic pathogen. The literature search revealed numerous relevant recommendations but also legal gaps for certain diseases, such as Q fever or brucellosis, and legal difficulties for the use of recommended disinfectants. A lack of information about effective disinfectants was identified for some agents.

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