非快速眼动睡眠和意识的神经关联:比眼睛看到的更多。

IF 0.8 4区 医学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Archives Italiennes De Biologie Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI:10.12871/00039829201835
U Olcese
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引用次数: 2

摘要

长期以来,对意识的神经关联(NCC)的科学研究一直依赖于将意识正常存在的情况与意识受损的情况进行比较。脑损伤提供了一个独特的机会来了解维持意识需要哪些解剖网络,但对支持意识处理的神经活动模式的见解有限。另一方面,非快速眼动睡眠长期以来一直是大脑无意识但完全活跃的典型情况的缩影。因此,清醒和非快速眼动睡眠之间存在的神经活动差异也被用来定义NCC。然而,最近有几项研究开始挑战对清醒和睡眠期间神经元活动的传统理解。首先,非快速眼动睡眠的振荡动力学特征——如慢振荡——已被报道在清醒时发生。其次,在非快速眼动睡眠期间也观察到典型的意识状态的神经动力学。最后,被认为是在非快速眼动睡眠期间发生的意识丧失的标志之一的皮层有效连接的断开,最近被证明是一种不像以前认为的那样普遍的现象。在这里,我将概述这些最近的发现,并讨论它们对理解NCC的真实性质的影响。
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Non-REM sleep and the neural correlates of consciousness: more than meets the eyes.

The scientific study of the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has long relied on comparing conditions in which consciousness is normally present with others in which it is impaired. Brain lesions offer a unique opportunity to understand which anatomical networks are needed to sustain consciousness, but provide limited insights on the patterns of neural activity that can support conscious processing. Non-REM sleep, on the other hand, has long epitomized the typical case of a non-conscious yet fully active brain. Consequently, the differences in neural activity existing between wakefulness and non-REM sleep have also been used to define the NCC. Recently, however, several studies have started challenging the traditional understanding of neuronal activity during wakefulness and sleep. First, oscillatory dynamics characteristic of non-REM sleep - such as slow oscillations - have been reported to occur during wakefulness. Second, neural dynamics typical of conscious states have also been observed during non-REM sleep. Finally, the disconnection in cortical effective connectivity that has been indicated as one of the hallmarks of the loss of consciousness that occurs during non-REM sleep has recently been shown to be a less general phenomenon than previously thought. Here I will provide an overview of these recent findings, and discuss their implications for understanding the real nature of the NCC.

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来源期刊
Archives Italiennes De Biologie
Archives Italiennes De Biologie 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
30.00%
发文量
12
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives Italiennes de Biologie - a Journal of Neuroscience- was founded in 1882 and represents one of the oldest neuroscience journals in the world. Archives publishes original contributions in all the fields of neuroscience, including neurophysiology, experimental neuroanatomy and electron microscopy, neurobiology, neurochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, functional brain imaging and behavioral science. Archives Italiennes de Biologie also publishes monographic special issues that collect papers on a specific topic of interest in neuroscience as well as the proceedings of important scientific events. Archives Italiennes de Biologie is published in 4 issues per year and is indexed in the major collections of biomedical journals, including Medline, PubMed, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica.
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