是否所有补丁都值得探索?在小尺度上,觅食的沙漠鸟类不依赖于种子丰度的环境指标。

IF 2.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences BMC Ecology Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI:10.1186/s12898-019-0242-z
Fernando A Milesi, Javier Lopez de Casenave, Víctor R Cueto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:当消费者在食物可得性高度异质性和可预测的环境中觅食时,应该表现出强烈的空间偏好。在大多数干旱地区,土壤种子库的丰度和组成与小尺度(分米到米)的植被结构持续相关,分散后的花岗岩动物面临这种情况。这些环境特征应该作为有用的收获前信息加以利用,至少可以避免被预测为贫瘠的斑块。然而,通过观察以种子为食的鸟类的觅食,我们并没有在蒙特沙漠中部的藻类中发现预期的空间关联,这种野外技术受它们对到访斑块的利用程度的影响。在这项工作中,我们通过记录在季节性试验中从300个分散的实验装置中移除单个种子的情况,测试了食草鸟类觅食的第一阶段(斑块访问,遇到或探索)是否与斑块质量的环境指标呈正相关。通过比较已利用微生境与可利用微生境的结构特征,分析了空间选择性,并基于我们对当地种子库丰度、组成和动态的了解,对自下而上和自上而下的假设进行了评估。在更大尺度上探讨了其觅食活动的空间自相关性和环境相关性。结果:如果微生境的出现能提供相关的信息来指导它们寻找有利可图的觅食斑块,那么分散后的食蚁鸟在觅食空间的选择上比预期的要差。由植被结构和土壤覆盖所定义的微生境类型,没有一种是鸟类可以安全地探索的。在更大的时间和空间尺度上的分析对描述种子去除的异质性更为重要。结论:靠近高大的树木,可能与鸟类的领土和繁殖或它们对捕食风险的感知有关,似乎决定了第一层次的栖息地选择,限制了可探索的空间。微生境开放程度(而非种子丰度)对可达斑块的访问频率有一定的正向影响。鸟类在小尺度上的选择模式与我们预测的自上而下的空间效应更接近,种子消耗创造或加强(而不是响应)种子库的空间格局和动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Are all patches worth exploring? Foraging desert birds do not rely on environmental indicators of seed abundance at small scales.

Background: Consumers should show strong spatial preferences when foraging in environments where food availability is highly heterogeneous and predictable. Postdispersal granivores face this scenario in most arid areas, where soil seed bank abundance and composition associates persistently with vegetation structure at small scales (decimetres to metres). Those environmental features should be exploited as useful pre-harvest information, at least to avoid patches predicted to be poor. However, we did not find the expected spatial association in the algarrobal of the central Monte desert by observing foraging seed-eating birds, a field technique influenced by how much they exploit visited patches. In this work we tested if the first stage of foraging by granivorous birds (patch visit, encounter or exploration) is positively associated with environmental indicators of patch quality by recording the removal of single seeds from 300 scattered experimental devices during seasonal trials. Spatial selectivity was analysed by comparing the structural characteristics of used vs. available microhabitats, and evaluated against bottom-up and top-down hypotheses based on our previous knowledge on local seed bank abundance, composition and dynamics. Their foraging activity was also explored for spatial autocorrelation and environmental correlates at bigger scales.

Results: Postdispersal granivorous birds were less selective in their use of foraging space than expected if microhabitat appearance were providing them relevant information to guide their search for profitable foraging patches. No microhabitat type, as defined by their vegetation structure and soil cover, remained safe from bird exploration. Analyses at bigger temporal and spatial scales proved more important to describe heterogeneity in seed removal.

Conclusions: Closeness to tall trees, probably related to bird territoriality and reproduction or to their perception of predation risk, seemed to determine a first level of habitat selection, constraining explorable space. Then, microhabitat openness (rather than seed abundance) exerted some positive influence on which patches were more frequently visited among those accessible. Selective patterns by birds at small scales were closer to our predictions of a top-down spatial effect, with seed consumption creating or strengthening (and not responding to) the spatial pattern and dynamics of the seed bank.

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来源期刊
BMC Ecology
BMC Ecology ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
4.50%
发文量
0
审稿时长
22 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Ecology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on environmental, behavioral and population ecology as well as biodiversity of plants, animals and microbes.
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