瞳孔对情感刺激的反应:幼儿早期行为问题的生物标志。

Daniel T Burley, Stephanie H M van Goozen
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摘要

儿童行为问题与对负面暗示的自律神经唤醒减少有关,这表明他们对厌恶刺激不敏感,而对正面暗示的反应则证据不一。对情感刺激的自律神经唤醒历来是通过皮肤电化反应和心率来测量的,尽管有证据表明瞳孔测量法更可靠且更实用(即无需在受试者身上安装电线)。本研究首次将瞳孔对情感刺激的异常反应作为儿童行为问题的生物标志物进行研究。我们测量了 131 名 4-7 岁儿童的瞳孔对负面、正面和中性图像的反应性,这些儿童都是由老师转介来的,因为他们未来可能会出现心理病态。我们评估了瞳孔对图像的反应与教师评定的优势与困难问卷(SDQ)得分之间的关系,SDQ 反映了儿童行为问题及其重叠的情绪、行为和社交困难。瞳孔对负面图像的放大程度降低与行为、多动、情绪和同伴问题的显著增加以及亲社会行为的减少有关。破坏性行为和情绪障碍的综合评分都能独特地预测瞳孔对负面威胁刺激的反应迟钝;而瞳孔对正面图像的反应迟钝则与之无关。这些研究结果表明,瞳孔对负面刺激的反应迟钝是早期破坏性行为问题和情感障碍的生物标志。瞳孔测量法提供了一种廉价、快速和非侵入性的测量方法,有助于识别早期出现破坏性行为或情感障碍的儿童,从而为预防性干预提供机会,避免进一步的心理病变。
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Pupil Response to Affective Stimuli: a Biomarker of Early Conduct Problems in Young Children.

Childhood conduct problems have been associated with reduced autonomic arousal to negative cues indicative of an insensitivity to aversive stimuli, with mixed evidence in response to positive cues. Autonomic arousal to affective stimuli has traditionally been measured through galvanic skin responses and heart-rate, despite evidence that pupillometry is more reliable and practically beneficial (i.e., no wires are attached to the participant). The current study is the first to examine abnormal pupillary responsivity to affective stimuli as a biomarker for childhood conduct problems. We measured pupil reactivity to negative, positive and neutral images in 131 children aged 4-7 years, who were referred by their teachers for being at risk of future psychopathology. We assessed relationships between pupil response to the images and teacher-rated scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which indexed child conduct problems and their overlapping emotional, behavioural and social difficulties. Reduced pupil dilation to negative images was associated with significantly increased conduct, hyperactivity, emotional and peer problems, as well as reduced prosocial behaviour. Composite scores for disruptive behaviour and emotional difficulties both uniquely predicted blunted pupil response to negative threat stimuli; there were no relations with pupil responses to positive images. These findings highlight that blunted pupil responsivity to negative stimuli serves as a biomarker for early disruptive behavioural problems and affective difficulties. Pupillometry offers an inexpensive, fast and non-intrusive measure to help identify children who are showing early disruptive behaviour or experiencing affective difficulties, which can provide opportunities for preventative intervention to avoid further psychopathology.

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期刊介绍: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.
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