Clara Martínez-Cao , Leticia García-Álvarez , Teresa Bobes-Bascarán , Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás , Emilio Fernández-Egea , Ángela Velasco , Leticia González-Blanco , Paula Zurrón-Madera , Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero , Pilar A. Sáiz-Martínez , María Paz García-Portilla , Julio Bobes
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This is the first study to validate the Spanish adaptation of the self-rated version of the Apathy Assessment Scale (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study in 104 patients with schizophrenia evaluated using the following scales: Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS), Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Reliability: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.908. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and CAINS-MAP total scores was −0.483 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). For SNS, total and avolition subscale scores were −0.803 and −0.639 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), respectively. With the MAP-SR, the correlation coefficient was −0.727 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and PSP total scores was 0.504 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Furthermore, with the CDSS, the correlation coefficient was −0.431 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Discriminant validity: The AES-S discriminated between different levels of illness severity according to CGI-S scores. Factor analysis: A three-component solution explained 57.32% of the variance. Pearson correlations between coefficients were 1–2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.265, 1–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.464, and 2–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.060.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Spanish AES-S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing apathy in Spanish patients with schizophrenia. It seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a means of monitoring apathy in these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120300331/pdfft?md5=3d48a2cba476908b299b235cf261095d&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989120300331-main.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Validation of a European Spanish adaptation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia\",\"authors\":\"Clara Martínez-Cao , Leticia García-Álvarez , Teresa Bobes-Bascarán , Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás , Emilio Fernández-Egea , Ángela Velasco , Leticia González-Blanco , Paula Zurrón-Madera , Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero , Pilar A. 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This is the first study to validate the Spanish adaptation of the self-rated version of the Apathy Assessment Scale (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study in 104 patients with schizophrenia evaluated using the following scales: Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS), Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Reliability: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.908. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and CAINS-MAP total scores was −0.483 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). For SNS, total and avolition subscale scores were −0.803 and −0.639 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), respectively. With the MAP-SR, the correlation coefficient was −0.727 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and PSP total scores was 0.504 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Furthermore, with the CDSS, the correlation coefficient was −0.431 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Discriminant validity: The AES-S discriminated between different levels of illness severity according to CGI-S scores. Factor analysis: A three-component solution explained 57.32% of the variance. Pearson correlations between coefficients were 1–2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.265, 1–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.464, and 2–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.060.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Spanish AES-S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing apathy in Spanish patients with schizophrenia. 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Validation of a European Spanish adaptation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia
Introduction
Apathy is a negative symptom of schizophrenia and is associated with poor real world functioning. Therefore, it is important to have validated psychometric instruments to assess this symptom. This is the first study to validate the Spanish adaptation of the self-rated version of the Apathy Assessment Scale (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia.
Materials and methods
Naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study in 104 patients with schizophrenia evaluated using the following scales: Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS), Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S).
Results
Reliability: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.908. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and CAINS-MAP total scores was −0.483 (p < 0.001). For SNS, total and avolition subscale scores were −0.803 and −0.639 (p < 0.001), respectively. With the MAP-SR, the correlation coefficient was −0.727 (p < 0.001). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and PSP total scores was 0.504 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, with the CDSS, the correlation coefficient was −0.431 (p < 0.001). Discriminant validity: The AES-S discriminated between different levels of illness severity according to CGI-S scores. Factor analysis: A three-component solution explained 57.32% of the variance. Pearson correlations between coefficients were 1–2 = 0.265, 1–3 = 0.464, and 2–3 = 0.060.
Conclusion
The Spanish AES-S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing apathy in Spanish patients with schizophrenia. It seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a means of monitoring apathy in these patients.
期刊介绍：
The Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health (SJPMH), incorporated into ISSN 1888-9891, is the official scientific publication of the Spanish Society of Psychiatry and Mental Health. The journal focuses on studying mental illnesses, their pathological processes, and their psychosocial consequences, and aims to disseminate scientific advances in all areas related to mental health and illness. SJPMH accepts unpublished works on psychiatry and mental health, including their medical and social implications. The journal provides space for research in the biological, clinical, and psychosocial fields. Manuscripts undergo peer-review by external reviewers before being accepted for publication. SJPMH is indexed in Index Medicus/Medline, IBECS, Social Sciences Citation Index Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition, and Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences.
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