汉坦病毒感染-治疗和预防。

Kalpa Dheerasekara, Saranga Sumathipala, Rohitha Muthugala
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引用次数: 20

摘要

综述目的:汉坦病毒感染是一种新兴的人畜共患病,主要有肾综合征出血热(HFRS)和汉坦病毒肺综合征(HPS)两种临床表现。虽然汉坦病毒感染在世界范围内分布,死亡率很高,但目前还没有针对汉坦病毒病的安全有效的疫苗或抗病毒药物。本文综述了在体外、体内和人体临床试验中针对汉坦病毒感染制定医学对策所做的所有努力。最近的发现:多种抗病毒药物被证明是有效的,但证据有限,最近关于免疫治疗的研究不是很有定论。有证据表明,有多种候选疫苗对汉坦病毒具有长期保护性免疫。其中一些已经在人体上进行了试验。摘要:目前,严重HPS或HFRS病例管理纯粹基于支持性治疗,通常在重症监护室进行。灭鼠、公共卫生教育和宣传在预防汉坦病毒感染方面发挥着重要作用。
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Hantavirus Infections-Treatment and Prevention.

Purpose of review: Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis and there are two main clinical presentations, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Although Hantavirus infections have a worldwide distribution with a high mortality rate, a safe and effective vaccine or an antiviral drug against the Hantavirus disease is yet to be available. This review summarizes all the efforts undertaken to develop medical countermeasures in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical trials against Hantavirus infections.

Recent findings: Multiple antivirals are shown to be effective with limited evidence and recent studies on immunotherapy were not very conclusive. There are multiple vaccine candidates with evidence of conferring long protective immunity against Hantaviruses. Some of these had been already trialed on humans.

Summary: At present, severe HPS or HFRS case management is purely based on supportive treatments, often in an intensive care unit. Rodent control and public health education and promotion play a major role in preventing Hantavirus infection.

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