Management of Colon Perforation During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with Complex Anatomy: A Case Series.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), first described in 1976, is the gold standard for the management of large kidney stones, with stone-free rates as high as 95% in contemporary literature. Colonic injuries during PCNL are a rare complication with an estimated incidence of 0.3%-0.5%. However, given the high morbidity incurred and the necessity of prompt operative intervention, it is imperative that practitioners have a low suspicion threshold for such injuries, particularly in those patients with altered or complex anatomy. This case series addresses peri- and postoperative outcomes of colon perforation during PCNL in patients with complex anatomy and reviews the technical challenges of surgery with potential methods to avoid injury in the future. Herein we review three instances of colonic injuries and their subsequent management to highlight both the presentation and the optimal management of these rare occurrences.