Anna Opramolla, Andrea Gazzin, Fabio Cisarò, Michele Pinon, Pierluigi Calvo, Caterina Rigazio
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引用次数: 0
摘要
肠道超声(US)是一种低成本、无创伤、床边操作、可重复的检查方法,在临床实践中是一种高收益的工具,可用于诊断各类急慢性胃肠道疾病。此外,对于新生儿和儿童时期的消化道疾病,由于体型较小,腹壁和腹腔内脂肪组织及气体含量较少,因此更容易进行评估。患者无需做特殊准备,但禁食 3 至 5 小时可提高检查质量。检查的重点是腹壁厚度和分层、管腔内容物、膨胀性和可压缩性、消化道可探查段是否有蠕动,还包括肠系膜、膀胱周围组织和结节特征的检查。彩色多普勒血流测量可对消化道壁和肠系膜血管进行定性评估。健康的消化道壁在 US 评估中表现为多层结构,其中高回声层和低回声层依次交替出现。在这篇文章中,我们将快速概述主要消化道儿科疾病的超声检查结果、体征和应用。
Intestinal ultrasonography in pediatric population.
Bowel ultrasound (US) is a low-cost, non-invasive, bed side practice and a reproducible procedure that represents a high yield tool in clinical practice and in the diagnostic workup of a consistent group of acute and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease. Moreover, in case of GI diseases of neonatal and pediatric age, it allows an easier evaluation due to the small body size and scarce presence of fat tissue in the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity and gas content. No particular preparation of the patient is needed, nevertheless a 3- to 5-hour fasting state improves the quality of the examination. The exam focuses on wall thickness and stratification, lumen content, distensibility and compressibility, presence of peristalsis of explorable segment of the GI tract and includes the investigation of mesentery, perivisceral tissues and nodes features. Color doppler flowmetry admits a qualitative evaluation of GI wall and mesentery vascularization. Healthy GI wall appears at a US evaluation as a multilayered structure in which hyperechoic and hypoechoic layers alternate sequentially. In this article we provide a quickly available overview on findings, signs and applications of US in major GI pediatric diseases.