分布在温度不同地区的两种寒带蜥蜴的肠道微生物区系存在差异。

Jun-Qiong Chen, Lu-Wen Zhang, Ru-Meng Zhao, Hai-Xia Wu, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Yan-Fu Qu, Xiang Ji
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背景:新陈代谢寒冷气候适应假说预测,与温暖气候下的动物相比,寒冷环境下的动物具有相对较高的新陈代谢率。然而,验证这一假说的研究却很少。在此,我们比较了两种寒带蜥蜴属(Phrynocephalus)的肠道微生物,以了解肠道微生物群是否能通过促进新陈代谢来帮助蜥蜴适应寒冷环境。我们进行了一个2物种(P. erythrurus和P. przewalskii)×2温度(24和30 °C)的因子设计实验,将两个物种的蜥蜴分别在24和30 °C下饲养25 d,然后收集它们的粪便样本,基于16S rRNA基因测序技术对微生物群进行分析和比较:结果:两个物种的肠道微生物群主要由变形菌门、固形菌门、类杆菌门和疣状微囊菌门的细菌组成(P. erythrurus的肠道微生物群中变形菌门>固形菌门>疣状微囊菌门,P. przewalskii的肠道微生物群中类杆菌门>变形菌门>固形菌门)。进一步的分析表明,两种蜥蜴的肠道微生物群都促进了热适应,但两种蜥蜴的贡献菌相对丰度不同。基于《京都基因和基因组百科全书》的分析表明,两种蜥蜴的肠道微生物群在新陈代谢、遗传信息处理、细胞过程和环境信息处理方面都发挥了重要作用。此外,与其他物种⋅温度组合相比,24 °C时红腹锦鸡体内与新陈代谢有关的基因更为丰富:我们的研究提供了证据,表明肠道微生物群对两种蜥蜴的热适应都有促进作用,但与P. przewalskii相比,P. erythrurus常年生活在寒冷的栖息地,肠道微生物群对其热适应的促进作用更为明显,从而证实了肠道微生物群在蜥蜴寒冷气候适应中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Gut microbiota differs between two cold-climate lizards distributed in thermally different regions.

Background: The metabolic cold-climate adaption hypothesis predicts that animals from cold environments have relatively high metabolic rates compared with their warm-climate counterparts. However, studies testing this hypothesis are sparse. Here, we compared gut microbes between two cold-climate lizard species of the genus Phrynocephalus to see if gut microbiota could help lizards adapt to cold environments by promoting metabolism. We conducted a 2 species (P. erythrurus and P. przewalskii) × 2 temperatures (24 and 30 °C) factorial design experiment, whereby we kept lizards of two Phrynocephalus species at 24 and 30 °C for 25 d and then collected their fecal samples to analyze and compare the microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology.

Results: The gut microbiota was mainly composed of bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia in both species (Proteobacteria > Firmicutes > Verrucomicrobiota in P. erythrurus, and Bacteroidetes > Proteobacteria > Firmicutes in P. przewalskii). Further analysis revealed that the gut microbiota promoted thermal adaptation in both lizard species, but with differences in the relative abundance of the contributory bacteria between the two species. An analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that the gut microbiota played important roles in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, and environmental information processing in both species. Furthermore, genes related to metabolism were more abundant in P. erythrurus at 24 °C than in other species ⋅ temperature combinations.

Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that gut microbiota promotes thermal adaptation in both species but more evidently in P. erythrurus using colder habitats than P. przewalskii all year round, thus confirming the role of gut microbiota in cold-climate adaptation in lizards.

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